SynthesisJournal of cancer research and clinical oncology2015
The plasma level of retinol, vitamins A, C and α-tocopherol could reduce breast cancer risk? A meta-analysis and meta-regression.
Synthesis in Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 52 citations in OpenAlex.
- Risk factors for breast cancer: an umbrella review of observational cohort studies and causal relationship analysis.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Dietary Vitamin A Intake and Circulating Vitamin A Concentrations and the Risk of Three Common Cancers in Women: A Meta-Analysis.Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity · 2022Pooled it
- Circulating vitamin C concentration and risk of cancers: a Mendelian randomization study.BMC medicine · 2021Pooled it
- Vitamins A and D and Their Combinations for Breast and Colorectal Cancers: Analysis of the Clinical, Epidemiological, Preclinical and Transcriptomic Data.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Melatonin and Vitamins: A Promising Combination to Augment Conventional Anticancer Therapies.Nutrients · 2025Review
- Review
- Micronutrient Status and Breast Cancer: A Narrative Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Review
- Nutritional Metabolomics in Diet-Breast Cancer Relations: Current Research, Challenges, and Future Directions-A Review.Biomedicines · 2023Review
- Variations in Antioxidant Capacity, Oxidative Stability, and Physicochemical Quality Parameters of Walnut (Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Association between Micronutrient Intake and Breast Cancer Risk According to Body Mass Index in South Korean Adult Women: A Cohort Study.Nutrients · 2022Article
- Association between circulating vitamin E and ten common cancers: evidence from large-scale Mendelian randomization analysis and a longitudinal cohort study.BMC medicine · 2022Article
- The Role of Vitamin C in Cancer Prevention and Therapy: A Literature Review.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Cancer Progress and Priorities: Breast Cancer.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2021Review
- Association between dietary total antioxidant capacity and breast cancer: a case-control study in a Middle Eastern country.Public health nutrition · 2021Article
- Review
- Article
- Vitamin E and cancer prevention: Studies with different forms of tocopherols and tocotrienols.Molecular carcinogenesis · 2020Review
- Vitamin C promotes apoptosis in breast cancer cells by increasing TRAIL expression.Scientific reports · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposePlasma antioxidants are supposed to be directly related to breast cancer risk. However, the results remain inconsistent. Herein, we carried this meta-analysis to comprehensively summarize the associations between plasma retinol, vitamins A, C and α-tocopherol and breast cancer risk.
methodsWe searched PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane Databases (through September 24, 2014) and the reference lists of the retrieved articles in English with sufficient information to estimate relative risk or odds ratio and the 95% confidence intervals (CIs), or with mean serum/plasma level of vitamins and SD/SEM/p value in breast cancer and controls. Two reviewers independently extracted data using a standardized form, with any discrepancy adjudicated by the third reviewer.
resultsForty studies entered this meta-analysis. For the pooled OR, no significant association between plasma retinol and breast cancer was observed (p = 0.13). Significant association was observed between plasma α-tocopherol and breast cancer (pooled OR 0.42, 95% CI 0.25, 0.72, p = 0.00) in the subgroup with the median lowest level of 5.74-9.16 μmol/L. For the weighted mean difference (WMD), the plasma α-tocopherol and vitamin C level between breast cancer and controls were significantly different [WMD = -0.93 μmol/L (95% CI -1.26, -0.61, p = 0.00) and -2.51 μmol/L (95% CI -4.00, -1.02, p = 0.00), respectively]. No significant association between plasma retinol and vitamin A and breast cancer was observed.
conclusionsSevere α-tocopherol deficiency could increase breast cancer risk. The association between plasma vitamin C and breast cancer was only significant in case-control studies. There was no significant association between other vitamins and breast cancer risk.
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