ArticleNeuroscience2015
The pre- and post-somatic segments of the human type I spiral ganglion neurons--structural and functional considerations related to cochlear implantation.
Article in Neuroscience, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 43 papers.
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Who cites it
43 citing papers in PubMed, 58 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cochlear aging after synaptopathic noise: age-noise interactions in hair cell loss and axonal degeneration.Hearing research · 2026Article
- The tympanic covering layer contributes to basilar membrane elasticity potentially influencing human frequency resolution and speech perception.Journal of anatomy · 2026Article
- Electrically evoked compound action potentials in adult and pediatric cochlear implant users: II. Assessing cochlear nerve health status with the interphase gap effect and the phase locking value.Hearing research · 2026Article
- Neural Hearing Loss: Mechanisms, Diagnosis and Treatment Horizons.Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology : JARO · 2026Review
- Cochlear neural degeneration is key to the variation in word scores among people with similar thresholds.Hearing research · 2026Article
- Cochlear Implant Insertion Trauma Is Associated With Spiral Ganglion Neuron "Dead Zones" in the Human.Otology & neurotology : official publication of the American Otological Society, American Neurotology Society [and] European Academy of Otology and Neurotology · 2026Article
- The auditory nerve glial transition zone is a focal site of age-related immune-myelin interactions.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- The Effects of Stimulation Level and Stimulation Rate on Neural Synchrony of the Cochlear Nerve in Postlingually Deafened Adult Cochlear Implant Recipients.Ear and hearing · 2025Article
- Review
- Concentration Dependent Effects of Human Cometin on Spiral Ganglion Neuron Survival and Neurite Outgrowth.Audiology & neuro-otology · 2025Article
- Polarity sensitivity to symmetric, biphasic monopolar pulses is not a reliable indicator of peripheral axonal degeneration in human cochlear implant users.Frontiers in audiology and otology · 2025Article
- Delayed hearing loss after cochlear implantation: Re-evaluating the role of hair cell degeneration.Hearing research · 2024Article
- Understanding the impact of modiolus porosity on stimulation of spiral ganglion neurons by cochlear implants.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Immuno-surveillance and protection of the human cochlea.Frontiers in neurology · 2024Article
- Neural Degeneration in Normal-Aging Human Cochleas: Machine-Learning Counts and 3D Mapping in Archival Sections.Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology : JARO · 2023Article
- Factors influencing the relationship between cochlear health measures and speech recognition in cochlear implant users.Frontiers in integrative neuroscience · 2023Article
- Noise and Health: Review.Indian journal of otolaryngology and head and neck surgery : official publication of the Association of Otolaryngologists of India · 2022Article
- Axon-glia interactions in the ascending auditory system.Developmental neurobiology · 2021Review
- Primary Neural Degeneration in Noise-Exposed Human Cochleas: Correlations with Outer Hair Cell Loss and Word-Discrimination Scores.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2021Article
- HCN channels in the mammalian cochlea: Expression pattern, subcellular location, and age-dependent changes.Journal of neuroscience research · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 5 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Human auditory nerve afferents consist of two separate systems; one is represented by the large type I cells innervating the inner hair cells and the other one by the small type II cells innervating the outer hair cells. Type I spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) constitute 96% of the afferent nerve population and, in contrast to other mammals, their soma and pre- and post-somatic segments are unmyelinated. Type II nerve soma and fibers are unmyelinated. Histopathology and clinical experience imply that human SGNs can persist electrically excitable without dendrites, thus lacking connection to the organ of Corti. The biological background to this phenomenon remains elusive. We analyzed the pre- and post-somatic segments of the type I human SGNs using immunohistochemistry and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) in normal and pathological conditions. These segments were found surrounded by non-myelinated Schwann cells (NMSCs) showing strong intracellular expression of laminin-β2/collagen IV. These cells also bordered the perikaryal entry zone and disclosed surface rugosities outlined by a folded basement membrane (BM) expressing laminin-β2 and collagen IV. It is presumed that human large SGNs are demarcated by three cell categories: (a) myelinated Schwann cells, (b) NMSCs and (c) satellite glial cells (SGCs). Their BMs express laminin-β2/collagen IV and reaches the BM of the sensory epithelium at the habenula perforata. We speculate that the NMSCs protect SGNs from further degeneration following dendrite loss. It may give further explanation why SGNs can persist as electrically excitable monopolar cells even after long-time deafness, a blessing for the deaf treated with cochlear implantation.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.