ReviewThe Lancet. Neurology2014
Controversies in HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders.
Review in The Lancet. Neurology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03277222 (HAND IN Insulin-001), which is not on this map. Cited by 178 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
HAND IN Insulin-001: Intranasal Treatment of HIV-associated Neurocognitive Disorders
Who cites it
178 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 291 citations in OpenAlex.
- Application of Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) in the Diagnosis of HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorder (HAND): A Meta-Analysis and a System Review.Frontiers in neurology · 2022Pooled it
- Is There Any Evidence of Premature, Accentuated and Accelerated Aging Effects on Neurocognition in People Living with HIV? A Systematic Review.AIDS and behavior · 2021Pooled it
- The Impact of Antiretroviral Therapy on Neurocognitive Outcomes Among People Living with HIV in Low- and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs): A Systematic Review.AIDS and behavior · 2021Pooled it
- Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) for HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders.Neuropsychology review · 2019Pooled it
- Screening tools for HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders among adults living with HIV in sub-Saharan Africa: A scoping review.AAS open research · 2018Pooled it
- Review of functional MRI in HIV: effects of aging and medication.Journal of neurovirology · 2017Pooled it
- Resistance Training Improves Cognitive Function and Depression Without Changing BDNF Levels in People Living with HIV: a Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial.AIDS and behavior · 2025Trial
- Serum and CSF biomarkers in asymptomatic patients during primary HIV infection: a randomized study.Brain : a journal of neurology · 2024Trial
- Changes in Cerebrospinal Fluid, Liver and Intima-media-thickness Biomarkers in Patients with HIV-associated Neurocognitive Disorders Randomized to a Less Neurotoxic Treatment Regimen.Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology · 2023Trial
- Blood and cerebrospinal fluid biomarker changes in patients with HIV-associated neurocognitive impairment treated with lithium: analysis from a randomised placebo-controlled trial.Journal of neurovirology · 2023Trial
- A pilot study on the effects of probiotic supplementation on neuropsychological performance and microRNA-29a-c levels in antiretroviral-treated HIV-1-infected patients.Brain and behavior · 2017Trial
- CSF/plasma HIV-1 RNA discordance even at low levels is associated with up-regulation of host inflammatory mediators in CSF.Cytokine · 2016Trial
- Evolution of changes in cognitive function after the initiation of antiretroviral therapy.AIDS research and therapy · 2016Trial
- HIV expression persists in the cerebrospinal fluid of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders despite effective ART.Emerging microbes & infections · 2026Article
- Guideline of the German Society of Neurology (DGN): "diagnosis and therapy of HIV-1-associated neurological disorders".Neurological research and practice · 2026Review
- Shifting neuropsychiatric diagnoses across the antiretroviral therapy era at an urban Ugandan HIV centre: a descriptive analysis of routinely collected electronic health records, 2017 to April 2026.AIDS research and therapy · 2026Article
- HIV Tat-Stimulated Microglial Extracellular Vesicles Are Enriched for Ferroptosis Mediators: Role of Dysregulated Autophagy.Journal of extracellular biology · 2026Article
- Diagnostic accuracy of IHDS and MoCA in screening for HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders among adults living with HIV in Ethiopia.International journal of mental health systems · 2026Article
- The Changing Spectrum of Cognitive Impairment in People with HIV; Establishment and Updates of the International HIV-Cognition Working Group.Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2026Review
- Article
118 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Cross-sectional studies show that around half of individuals infected with HIV-1 have some degree of cognitive impairment despite the use of antiretroviral drugs. However, prevalence estimates vary depending on the population and methods used to assess cognitive impairment. Whether asymptomatic patients would benefit from routine screening for cognitive difficulties is unclear and the appropriate screening method and subsequent management is the subject of debate. In some patients, HIV-1 RNA can be found at higher concentrations in CSF than in blood, which potentially results from the poor distribution of antiretroviral drugs into the CNS. However, the clinical relevance of so-called CSF viral escape is not well understood. The extent to which antiretroviral drug distribution and toxicity in the CNS affect clinical decision making is also debated.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.