ReviewAnnals of the New York Academy of Sciences2015
Autoimmune encephalopathies.
Review in Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 162 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
162 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 417 citations in OpenAlex.
- BrainEuropean journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging · 2021Pooled it
- Adult-onset temporal lobe epilepsy suspicious for autoimmune pathogenesis: Autoantibody prevalence and clinical correlates.PloS one · 2020Trial
- Article
- Current and Future Biomarkers in the Diagnosis of Autoimmune Encephalitis: A Review of Biomarker Detection Techniques and Their Performance.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Review
- Ketogenic Diet Versus Immunological Therapy in the Management of Refractory Epilepsy in Children.Cureus · 2026Article
- Antineuronal antibody titres in autoimmune encephalitis: clinical implications for diagnosis and long-term immunotherapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- A Case Series of Young People Receiving Adjunctive Immunotherapy for Neuroimmune-Mediated Major Mood or Psychotic Syndromes.Biological psychiatry global open science · 2025Article
- Subjective psychiatric symptoms in post-acute autoimmune encephalitis: findings from the Australian autoimmune encephalitis consortium.Journal of neurology · 2025Article
- Comorbidities and Their Influence on Outcomes and Infectious Complications in Autoimmune Encephalitis: A Multicenter Cohort Study.Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2025Article
- Imaging biomarkers in antibody-mediated autoimmune encephalitis.Quantitative imaging in medicine and surgery · 2025Article
- Frequency of autoimmune-associated exogenous psychoses in routine clinical care.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2025Article
- Distinctive seizure signature in the first video case-control study of a naturally-occurring feline autoimmune encephalitis model.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2025Article
- Article
- Successful treatment with efgartigimod as an add-on therapy for acute attack of anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis: a case report.BMC neurology · 2025Article
- Cardiac involvement in anti-GABA-B receptor encephalitis: a case report.BMJ neurology open · 2025Article
- Immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced anti-Hu antibody-associated gastrointestinal pseudo-obstruction: a case report and literature review.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with antibody-related autoimmune encephalitis presenting with disorders of consciousness: A prospective cohort study.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2024Article
- An exploratory study of the damage markers NfL, GFAP, and t-Tau, in cerebrospinal fluid and other findings from a patient cohort enriched for suspected autoimmune psychiatric disease.Translational psychiatry · 2024Article
- Autoimmune encephalitis: Early and late findings on serial MR imaging and correlation to treatment timepoints.European journal of radiology open · 2024Article
- Brain on Fire: How Brain Infection and Neuroinflammation Drive Worldwide Epilepsy Burden.Epilepsy currents · 2024Review
102 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Over the past 10 years, the continual discovery of novel forms of encephalitis associated with antibodies to cell-surface or synaptic proteins has changed the paradigms for diagnosing and treating disorders that were previously unknown or mischaracterized. We review here the process of discovery, the symptoms, and the target antigens of 11 autoimmune encephalitic disorders, grouped by syndromes and approached from a clinical perspective. Anti-N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis, several subtypes of limbic encephalitis, stiff-person spectrum disorders, and other autoimmune encephalitides that result in psychosis, seizures, or abnormal movements are described in detail. We include a novel encephalopathy with prominent sleep dysfunction that provides an intriguing link between chronic neurodegeneration and cell-surface autoimmunity (IgLON5). Some of the caveats of limited serum testing are outlined. In addition, we review the underlying cellular and synaptic mechanisms that for some disorders confirm the antibody pathogenicity. The multidisciplinary impact of autoimmune encephalitis has been expanded recently by the discovery that herpes simplex encephalitis is a robust trigger of synaptic autoimmunity, and that some patients may develop overlapping syndromes, including anti-NMDAR encephalitis and neuromyelitis optica or other demyelinating diseases.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.