ReviewPediatric research2015
Dietary intake and bio-activation of nitrite and nitrate in newborn infants.
Review in Pediatric research, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 44 citations in OpenAlex.
- Circulating Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase on the First Postpartum Day: An Exploratory Cross-Sectional Study of Its Association with Maternal Age, Redox-Relevant Haematological and Lipid Markers, and Postnatal Depression Screening.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Nitrates and Nitrites in Leafy Vegetables: The Influence of Culinary Processing on Concentration Levels and Possible Impact on Health.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Effects of Animal-Based and Plant-Based Nitrates and Nitrites on Human Health: Beyond Nitric Oxide Production.Biomolecules · 2025Review
- Additives in Children's Nutrition-A Review of Current Events.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Review
- A physiologically relevant role for NO stored in vascular smooth muscle cells: A novel theory of vascular NO signaling.Redox biology · 2022Review
- The Role of Iodine for Thyroid Function in Lactating Women and Infants.Endocrine reviews · 2022Review
- Review
- Nitrite in breast milk: roles in neonatal pathophysiology.Pediatric research · 2021Review
- Potential role for age as a modulator of oral nitrate reductase activity.Nitric oxide : biology and chemistry · 2021Article
- Assessment of nitric oxide metabolites concentrations in plasma, saliva, and breast milk and their relationship in lactating women.Molecular and cellular biochemistry · 2021Article
- The role of gasotransmitters in neonatal physiology.Nitric oxide : biology and chemistry · 2020Review
- Impacts of dietary exposure to sodium or potassium salts of nitrate and nitrite on the development ofInterdisciplinary toxicology · 2017Article
- The Role of Mucosal Immunity in the Pathogenesis of Necrotizing Enterocolitis.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2017Review
- Dietary Nitrate and the Epidemiology of Cardiovascular Disease: Report From a National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Workshop.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2016Article
- Changes in plasma and urinary nitrite after birth in premature infants at risk for necrotizing enterocolitis.Pediatric research · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Nitrate and nitrite are commonly thought of as inert end products of nitric oxide (NO) oxidation, possibly carcinogenic food additives, or well-water contaminants. However, recent studies have shown that nitrate and nitrite play an important role in cardiovascular and gastrointestinal homeostasis through conversion back into NO via a physiological system involving enterosalivary recirculation, bacterial nitrate reductases, and enzyme-catalyzed or acidic reduction of nitrite to NO. The diet is a key source of nitrate in adults; however, infants ingest significantly less nitrate due to low concentrations in breast milk. In the mouth, bacteria convert nitrate to nitrite, which has gastro-protective effects. However, these nitrate-reducing bacteria are relatively inactive in infants. Swallowed nitrite is reduced to NO by acid in the stomach, affecting gastric blood flow, mucus production, and the gastric microbiota. These effects are likely attenuated in the less acidic neonatal stomach. Systemically, nitrite acts as a reservoir of NO bioactivity that can protect against ischemic injury, yet plasma nitrite concentrations are markedly lower in infants than in adults. The physiological importance of the diminished nitrate→nitrite→NO axis in infants and its implications in the etiology and treatment of newborn diseases such as necrotizing enterocolitis and hypoxic/ischemic injury are yet to be determined.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.