ArticleSubstance use & misuse2015
Patterns of drug use, risky behavior, and health status among persons who inject drugs living in San Diego, California: a latent class analysis.
Article in Substance use & misuse, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers.
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Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed.
- Daily polysubstance use associated with HIV, HCV, and non-fatal overdose among people who inject drugs: A latent class analysis using nationwide data.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2026Article
- "Stigma's Every Day, All Day Long": A Qualitative Exploration of Experiences of Overlapping Stigmas and HIV Prevention Service Use Among Women Who Use Drugs.Stigma and health · 2026Article
- Patterns of care contacts in the final year of life among opioid overdose fatalities in southern Sweden: a latent class analysis.Harm reduction journal · 2024Article
- Predictors of substance use disorder treatment and mutual support group participation among Black women across the criminal legal spectrum: A latent class approach.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2024Article
- A Latent Class Analysis of Substance Use and Longitudinal HIV RNA Patterns Among PWH in DC Cohort.AIDS and behavior · 2024Observational
- No decline in drug overdose deaths in Norway: An ecological approach to understanding at-risk groups and the impact of interventions.Nordisk alkohol- & narkotikatidskrift : NAT · 2024Article
- Neurological, Behavioral, and Pathophysiological Characterization of the Co-Occurrence of Substance Use and HIV: A Narrative Review.Brain sciences · 2023Review
- Drug checking in the fentanyl era: Utilization and interest among people who inject drugs in San Diego, California.The International journal on drug policy · 2023Article
- Patterns of opioid use behaviors among patients seen in the emergency department: Latent class analysis of baseline data from the POINT pragmatic trial.Journal of substance use and addiction treatment · 2023Article
- Drug use typology, demographic covariates, and associations with condomless anal sex: A latent class analysis among a U.S. national cohort of men who have sex with men.The International journal on drug policy · 2023Article
- Latent Classes of Polysubstance Use and Associations with HIV Risk and Structural Vulnerabilities among Cisgender Women Who Engage in Street-Based Transactional Sex in Baltimore City.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Mortality among people who inject drugs: a prospective cohort followed over three decades in Baltimore, MD, USA.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2022Article
- Co-use of methamphetamine and opioids among people in treatment in Oregon: A qualitative examination of interrelated structural, community, and individual-level factors.The International journal on drug policy · 2021Article
- Risky Sexual Behavior of Young Adults in Hong Kong: An Exploratory Study of Psychosocial Risk Factors.Frontiers in psychology · 2021Article
- Interest in reducing methamphetamine and opioid use among syringe services program participants in Washington State.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2020Article
- The Relationship Between Polysubstance Injection Drug Use, HIV Risk Behaviors, and Interest in Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) Among People Who Inject Drugs in Rural West Virginia.Journal of studies on alcohol and drugs · 2020Article
- Characterizing profiles of polysubstance use among high school students in Baltimore, Maryland: A latent class analysis.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2020Article
- Adolescent Anabolic-Androgenic Steroid Use in Association with Other Drug Use, Injection Drug Use, and Team Sport Participation.Journal of child & adolescent substance abuse · 2020Article
- Identifying high risk subgroups of MSM: a latent class analysis using two samples.BMC infectious diseases · 2019Article
- A latent class approach to identify multi-risk profiles associated with phylogenetic clustering of recent hepatitis C virus infection in Australia and New Zealand from 2004 to 2015.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundAmong persons who inject drugs (PWID), polydrug use (the practice of mixing multiple drugs/alcohol sequentially or simultaneously) increases risk for HIV transmission and unintentional overdose deaths. Research has shown local drug markets influence drug use practices. However, little is known about the impact of drug mixing in markets dominated by black tar heroin and methamphetamine, such as the western United States.
methodsData were collected through an ongoing longitudinal study examining drug use, risk behavior, and health status among PWID. Latent class analysis (LCA) was used to identify patterns of substance use (heroin, methamphetamine, prescription drugs, alcohol, and marijuana) via multiple administration routes (injecting, smoking, and swallowing). Logistic regression was used to identify behaviors and health indicators associated with drug use class.
resultsThe sample included 511 mostly white (51.5%) males (73.8%), with mean age of 43.5 years. Two distinct classes of drug users predominated: methamphetamine by multiple routes (51%) and heroin by injection (49%). In multivariable logistic regression, class membership was associated with age, race, and housing status. PWID who were HIV-seropositive and reported prior sexually transmitted infections had increased odds of belonging to the methamphetamine class. Those who were HCV positive and reported previous opioid overdose had an increased odds of being in the primarily heroin injection class (all P-values < .05).
conclusionRisk behaviors and health outcomes differed between PWID who primarily inject heroin vs. those who use methamphetamine. The findings suggest that in a region where PWID mainly use black tar heroin or methamphetamine, interventions tailored to sub-populations of PWID could improve effectiveness.
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