ArticleInfection and immunity2015
Persistence and toxin production by Clostridium difficile within human intestinal organoids result in disruption of epithelial paracellular barrier function.
Article in Infection and immunity, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 210 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
210 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 328 citations in OpenAlex.
- Advances in Engineering Human Tissue Models.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2020Pooled it
- Modeling cancer with bacteria-integrated tumor microenvironments using biomaterials: Emerging concepts and opportunities.Materials today. Bio · 2026Review
- Coupling Far-Western Blotting with Peptide Microarrays Reveals Novel E-Cadherin Spore-Surface Ligands inJournal of proteome research · 2026Article
- Kinetic Insights into Cholera Toxin B-Biomimetic Glycan Interactions.Biomacromolecules · 2026Article
- Patient-derived intestinal organoids as a model for site-specific mucosal bacterial interactions in paediatric inflammatory bowel disease.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Modeling Clostridioides difficile toxin pathogenesis and antiserum protection in an immunocompetent intestine-on-chip platform.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Human organoids as 3D in vitro platforms for drug discovery: opportunities and challenges.Nature reviews. Drug discovery · 2026Review
- Pathogenic microbiota disrupts the intact structure of cerebral organoids by altering energy metabolism.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- Attenuation ofJournal of microbiology and biotechnology · 2026Article
- Human organoids and organ-on-chip systems for AI-guided therapeutic discovery against emerging and re-emerging infections.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- In Vitro Measurement of Clostridioides difficile Biofilm Formation Induced by Gut and Microbiota-Derived Signals.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2026Article
- Harnessing Next-Generation 3D Cancer Models to Elucidate Tumor-Microbiome Crosstalk.Advanced healthcare materials · 2026Review
- Unravelling three-way interactions betweenJournal of medical microbiology · 2025Review
- Modeling cancer-microbiome interactions in vitro: A guide to co-culture platforms.International journal of cancer · 2025Review
- Insights into Modeling Inflammatory Bowel Disease from Stem Cell Derived Intestinal Organoids.Stem cell reviews and reports · 2025Review
- Intestinal luminal anion transporters and their interplay with gut microbiome and inflammation.American journal of physiology. Cell physiology · 2025Review
- Advances and applications of gut organoids: modeling intestinal diseases and therapeutic development.Life medicine · 2025Review
- Comparative gastrointestinal organoid models across species: A Zoobiquity approach for precision medicine.Regenerative therapy · 2025Review
- Deliod a lightweight detection model for intestinal organoids based on deep learning.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Biomaterial-assisted organoid technology for disease modeling and drug screening.Materials today. Bio · 2025Review
150 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Clostridium difficile is the leading cause of infectious nosocomial diarrhea. The pathogenesis of C. difficile infection (CDI) results from the interactions between the pathogen, intestinal epithelium, host immune system, and gastrointestinal microbiota. Previous studies of the host-pathogen interaction in CDI have utilized either simple cell monolayers or in vivo models. While much has been learned by utilizing these approaches, little is known about the direct interaction of the bacterium with a complex host epithelium. Here, we asked if human intestinal organoids (HIOs), which are derived from pluripotent stem cells and demonstrate small intestinal morphology and physiology, could be used to study the pathogenesis of the obligate anaerobe C. difficile. Vegetative C. difficile, microinjected into the lumen of HIOs, persisted in a viable state for up to 12 h. Upon colonization with C. difficile VPI 10463, the HIO epithelium is markedly disrupted, resulting in the loss of paracellular barrier function. Since similar effects were not observed when HIOs were colonized with the nontoxigenic C. difficile strain F200, we directly tested the role of toxin using TcdA and TcdB purified from VPI 10463. We show that the injection of TcdA replicates the disruption of the epithelial barrier function and structure observed in HIOs colonized with viable C. difficile.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.