ArticleInfection and immunity2015
CD4+ T cells promote antibody production but not sustained affinity maturation during Borrelia burgdorferi infection.
Article in Infection and immunity, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 50 papers.
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Who cites it
50 citing papers in PubMed, 65 citations in OpenAlex.
- Mostly getting along -Borrelia burgdorferi and its manipulation of the host immune system.ImmunoHorizons · 2026Review
- Antiphospholipid antibodies in acute and post-treatment Lyme disease.Infection and immunity · 2026Article
- Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato Employs Several Escape Mechanisms to Bypass the Human Defense System.European journal of immunology · 2026Review
- Extrafollicular and other non-germinal center B cell responses.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2026Review
- Characterizing the impact of intracutaneous dissemination on host responses duringFrontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Interlaboratory Concordance of a Multiplex ELISA for Lyme and Lyme-like Illness Using Australian Samples and Commercial Reference Panels: A Proof-of-Concept Study.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Polyvalent mRNA vaccine targeting outer surface protein C affords multi-strain protection against Lyme disease.NPJ vaccines · 2025Article
- Ticking off Lyme disease: OspA mRNA vaccine halts infection in mouse model.Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2025Article
- Aberrant T-cell phenotypes in a cohort of patients with post-treatment Lyme disease.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Germline encoded residues dominate the interaction of a human monoclonal antibody with decorin binding protein A ofFrontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Adaptive immunity inApplied and environmental microbiology · 2024Article
- Bridging the gap: Insights in the immunopathology of Lyme borreliosis.European journal of immunology · 2024Review
- Development, Optimization, and Validation of a Quantitative PCR Assay forPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Identification of Major Histocompatibility Complex Class II Epitopes From Lyme Autoantigen Apolipoprotein B-100 and Borrelia burgdorferi Mcp4 in Murine Lyme Arthritis.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Mouse Models for the Study of Borrelia burgdorferi Infection.Current protocols · 2024Article
- Suppression of host humoral immunity byInfection and immunity · 2024Article
- Host glycosylation of immunoglobulins impairs the immune response to acute Lyme disease.EBioMedicine · 2024Article
- Aseptic Meningitis Linked toTropical medicine and infectious disease · 2024Article
- Borrelia burgdorferi Infection-Induced Persistent IgM Secretion Controls Bacteremia, but Not Bacterial Dissemination or Tissue Burden.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2023Article
- Antigen-Specific CD4 T Cell and B Cell Responses to Borrelia burgdorferi.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
CD4 T cells are crucial for enhancing B cell-mediated immunity, supporting the induction of high-affinity, class-switched antibody responses, long-lived plasma cells, and memory B cells. Previous studies showed that the immune response to Borrelia burgdorferi appears to lack robust T-dependent B cell responses, as neither long-lived plasma cells nor memory B cells form for months after infection, and nonswitched IgM antibodies are produced continuously during this chronic disease. These data prompted us to evaluate the induction and functionality of B. burgdorferi infection-induced CD4 T(FH) cells. We report that CD4 T cells were effectively primed and T(FH) cells induced after B. burgdorferi infection. These CD4 T cells contributed to the control of B. burgdorferi burden and supported the induction of B. burgdorferi-specific IgG responses. However, while affinity maturation of antibodies against a prototypic T-dependent B. burgdorferi protein, Arthritis-related protein (Arp), were initiated, these increases were reversed later, coinciding with the previously observed involution of germinal centers. The cessation of affinity maturation was not due to the appearance of inhibitory or exhausted CD4 T cells or a strong induction of regulatory T cells. In vitro T-B cocultures demonstrated that T cells isolated from B. burgdorferi-infected but not B. burgdorferi-immunized mice supported the rapid differentiation of B cells into antibody-secreting plasma cells rather than continued proliferation, mirroring the induction of rapid short-lived instead of long-lived T-dependent antibody responses in vivo. The data further suggest that B. burgdorferi infection drives the humoral response away from protective, high-affinity, and long-lived antibody responses and toward the rapid induction of strongly induced, short-lived antibodies of limited efficacy.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.