Observational studyBMC psychiatry2014
Pharmaco-utilisation and related costs of drugs used to treat schizophrenia and bipolar disorder in Italy: the IBIS study.
Observational study in BMC psychiatry, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT01392482 (IBIS), which is not on this map. Cited by 8 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
IBIS: Italian Burden of Illness on Schizophrenia & Bipolar Disorder
Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 38 citations in OpenAlex.
- Understanding Antipsychotic Polypharmacy in Bipolar Disorder: The Role of Long-Acting Injectable Antipsychotics in a Naturalistic Inpatient Setting.The Psychiatric quarterly · 2026Article
- The patient journey project in Italian mental health services: results from a co-designed survey on clinical interventions and current barriers to improve the care of people living with schizophrenia.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2024Article
- Costs of psychotropics for outpatients with bipolar disorder in Japan; the MUSUBI 2016 survey.Annals of medicine · 2023Article
- Correlation of BDNF, VEGF, TNF-α, and S100B with cognitive impairments in chronic, medicated schizophrenia patients.Neuropsychopharmacology reports · 2022Article
- The Incidence and Costs of Adverse Events Associated with Antidepressants: Results from a Systematic Review, Network Meta-Analysis and Multi-Country Economic Model.Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment · 2022Article
- Costs in the Treatment of Schizophrenia in Adults Receiving Atypical Antipsychotics: An 11-Year Cohort in Brazil.Applied health economics and health policy · 2018Article
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Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundSchizophrenia and bipolar disorder (BD) are psychiatric diseases that are commonly managed with antipsychotics. Treatment pathways are highly variable and no universal treatment guidelines are available. The primary objective of the Italian Burden of Illness in Schizophrenia and BD (IBIS) study was to describe pharmaco-utilisation of antipsychotic treatments and characteristics of patients affected by schizophrenia or BD. A secondary objective was to describe costs of illness for patients with schizophrenia or BD.
methodsIBIS was a multicentre, real-world, retrospective, observational cohort study based on data obtained from administrative databases of 16 Local Health Units in Italy (~7.5 million individuals). Patients with schizophrenia or BD ≥18 years of age treated with antipsychotics between 1 January 2008 and 31 December 2009 were included in the primary analysis. Pharmaco-utilisation data were gathered over a follow-up period of 12 months.
resultsPatients with schizophrenia and BD received a wide variety of antipsychotic medications. The proportion of patients on antipsychotic monotherapy was 68% in patients with schizophrenia and 70% in patients with BD. In patients with schizophrenia, ~1/3 of patients receiving antipsychotic monotherapy also received mood stabilisers and/or antidepressants (34.7%) compared with over half of those on antipsychotic polytherapy (52.2%). In patients with BD, use of mood stabilisers and/or antidepressants was even higher; 76.9% of patients receiving antipsychotic monotherapy also received mood stabilisers and/or antidepressants compared with 85.5% of patients on antipsychotic polytherapy. Switch therapy was more frequent in patients with BD than in patients with schizophrenia, whereas add-on therapy was more frequent in patients with schizophrenia than in patients with BD. The mean total disease-related cost per patient per annum was higher in patients with schizophrenia (€4,157) than in patients with BD (€3,301). The number and cost of hospitalisations was higher in patients with BD, whereas the number and cost of nursing home stays was higher in patients with schizophrenia.
conclusionUse of administrative databases has permitted retrieval of comprehensive information about therapeutic pathways, diagnostic history and costs in patients affected by schizophrenia or BD. A need for personalised treatment pathways has been described.
trial registrationclinicaltrials.gov: NCT01392482 ; first received June 29, 2011.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.