ArticleJournal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)2014
Coinfection with Streptococcus pneumoniae negatively modulates the size and composition of the ongoing influenza-specific CD8⁺ T cell response.
Article in Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950), 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed.
- Pneumococcal colonization impairs mucosal immune responses to live attenuated influenza vaccine.JCI insight · 2021Trial
- Influenza virus and Staphylococcus aureus super-infection disrupts spatially coordinated cellular immunity in the mouse lung.Communications biology · 2025Article
- Harnessing Epigenetics: Innovative Approaches in Diagnosing and Combating Viral Acute Respiratory Infections.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Pathogenic Characteristics of an Infection with Canine Influenza Virus andTransboundary and emerging diseases · 2024Article
- A cooperativity between virus and bacteria during respiratory infections.Frontiers in microbiology · 2023Review
- The role of serum circulating microbial toxins in severity and cytokine storm of COVID positive patients.Microbial pathogenesis · 2023Review
- Time-Dependent Increase in Susceptibility and Severity of Secondary Bacterial Infection during SARS-CoV-2 Infection.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2022Article
- Increased virus dissemination leads to enhanced lung injury but not inflammation during influenza-associated secondary bacterial infection.FEMS microbes · 2022Article
- Time-Dependent Increase in Susceptibility and Severity of Secondary Bacterial Infections During SARS-CoV-2.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Review
- Dynamic Pneumococcal Genetic Adaptations Support Bacterial Growth and Inflammation during Coinfection with Influenza.Infection and immunity · 2021Article
- Altered Signal Transduction in the Immune Response to Influenza Virus andInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Phytochemical Screening and in-vitro Evaluation of Antibacterial Activities ofJournal of experimental pharmacology · 2021Article
- Article
- Streptococcus pneumoniae aminopeptidase N contributes to bacterial virulence and elicits a strong innate immune response through MAPK and PI3K/AKT signaling.Journal of microbiology (Seoul, Korea) · 2020Article
- Extracellular Pneumococcal Serine Proteases Affect Nasopharyngeal Colonization.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2020Article
- Respiratory virus-associated infections in HIV-infected adults admitted to the intensive care unit for acute respiratory failure: a 6-year bicenter retrospective study (Annals of intensive care · 2020Article
- Viral Coinfection Replaces Effects of Suilysin on Streptococcus suis Adherence to and Invasion of Respiratory Epithelial Cells Grown under Air-Liquid Interface Conditions.Infection and immunity · 2019Article
- Complete Genome Sequence of Streptococcus pneumoniae Serotype 19F Strain EF3030.Microbiology resource announcements · 2019Article
- Mechanisms of Bacterial Superinfection Post-influenza: A Role for Unconventional T Cells.Frontiers in immunology · 2019Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Infection with influenza A virus can lead to increased susceptibility to subsequent bacterial infection, often with Streptococcus pneumoniae. Given the substantial modification of the lung environment that occurs following pathogen infection, there is significant potential for modulation of immune responses. In this study, we show that infection of mice with influenza virus, followed by the noninvasive EF3030 strain of Streptococcus pneumoniae, leads to a significant decrease in the virus-specific CD8(+) T cell response in the lung. Adoptive-transfer studies suggest that this reduction contributes to disease in coinfected animals. The reduced number of lung effector cells in coinfected animals was associated with increased death, as well as a reduction in cytokine production in surviving cells. Further, cells that retained the ability to produce IFN-γ exhibited a decreased potential for coproduction of TNF-α. Reduced cytokine production was directly correlated with a decrease in the level of mRNA. Negative regulation of cells in the mediastinal lymph node was minimal compared with that present in the lung, supporting a model of selective regulation in the tissue harboring high pathogen burden. These results show that entry of a coinfecting pathogen can have profound immunoregulatory effects on an ongoing immune response. Together, these findings reveal a novel dynamic interplay between concurrently infecting pathogens and the adaptive immune system.
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