ArticleBreast cancer research and treatment2014
Emodin suppresses pulmonary metastasis of breast cancer accompanied with decreased macrophage recruitment and M2 polarization in the lungs.
Article in Breast cancer research and treatment, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 55 papers.
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Who cites it
55 citing papers in PubMed, 95 citations in OpenAlex.
- Anthraquinone-Loaded Liposomes for TAM Reprogramming in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: Mechanistic Rationale, Delivery Logic, and Translational Challenges.Pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- In vitro treatment of triple-negative breast cancer cells with an extract from the Coriolus versicolor mushroom changes macrophage properties related to tumourigenesis.Immunologic research · 2024Article
- Sorcin: mechanisms of action in cancer hallmarks, drug resistance and opportunities in therapeutics.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2024Review
- 9,10-Dioxoanthracenyldithiocarbamates effectively inhibit the proliferation of non-small cell lung cancer by targeting multiple protein tyrosine kinases.Journal of enzyme inhibition and medicinal chemistry · 2024Article
- Emodin suppresses alkali burn-induced corneal inflammation and neovascularization by the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 signaling pathway.Journal of traditional Chinese medicine = Chung i tsa chih ying wen pan · 2024Article
- Review
- Crosstalk Between Macrophages and Breast Cancer Cells: Networking Within Tumors.Results and problems in cell differentiation · 2024Review
- Therapeutic Potential of 1,8-Dihydroanthraquinone Derivatives for Breast Cancer.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Macrophage's role in solid tumors: two edges of a sword.Cancer cell international · 2023Article
- Phytochemical Targeting of Mitochondria for Breast Cancer Chemoprevention, Therapy, and Sensitization.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Role of macrophages in tumor progression and therapy (Review).International journal of oncology · 2022Review
- Emodin reduces tumor burden by diminishing M2-like macrophages in colorectal cancer.American journal of physiology. Gastrointestinal and liver physiology · 2022Article
- Tumor-associated macrophages: An important player in breast cancer progression.Thoracic cancer · 2022Review
- Tumor-associated macrophages in tumor progression and the role of traditional Chinese medicine in regulating TAMs to enhance antitumor effects.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Shaping Polarization Of Tumor-Associated Macrophages In Cancer Immunotherapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- The versatile emodin: A natural easily acquired anthraquinone possesses promising anticancer properties against a variety of cancers.International journal of biological sciences · 2022Review
- Review
- Dysregulated tumor-associated macrophages in carcinogenesis, progression and targeted therapy of gynecological and breast cancers.Journal of hematology & oncology · 2021Review
- Cytochrome P450: Implications for human breast cancer.Oncology letters · 2021Review
- Review
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Breast cancer is the leading cause of death in female cancer patients due to the lack of effective treatment for metastasis. Macrophages are the most abundant immune cells in the primary and metastatic tumors, and contribute to tumor initiation, progression, and metastasis. Emodin has been found to exert anti-tumor effects through promoting cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, and inhibiting angiogenesis, but its effects on tumor-associated macrophages during cancer metastasis have not been investigated. Mice inoculated with 4T1 or EO771 breast cancer cells orthotopically were treated with Emodin after the primary tumors reached 200 mm3 in size. Primary tumor growth, lung metastasis, and macrophage infiltration in the lungs were analyzed. In vitro experiments were performed to examine the effects of Emodin on macrophage migration and M2 polarization, and the underlying mechanisms. Emodin significantly suppressed breast cancer lung metastasis in both orthotopic mouse models without apparent effects on primary tumors. Reduced infiltration of F4/80+ macrophages and Ym1+ M2 macrophages in lungs was observed in Emodin-treated mice. In vitro experiments demonstrated that Emodin decreased the migration of macrophages toward tumor cell-conditioned medium (TCM) and inhibited macrophage M2 polarization induced by TCM. Mechanistically, Emodin suppressed STAT6 phosphorylation and C/EBPβ expression, two crucial signaling events in macrophage M2 polarization, in macrophages treated with IL-4 or TCM. Taken together, our study, for the first time, demonstrated that Emodin suppressed pulmonary metastasis of breast cancer probably through inhibiting macrophage recruitment and M2 polarization in the lungs by reducing STAT6 phosphorylation and C/EBPβ expression.
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