Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25311052›Full record

Trial reportKnee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy : official journal of the ESSKA2016

Immersive virtual reality improves movement patterns in patients after ACL reconstruction: implications for enhanced criteria-based return-to-sport rehabilitation.

Alli Gokeler, Marsha Bisschop, Gregory D Myer, Anne Benjaminse, Pieter U Dijkstra, Helco G van Keeken, Jos J A M van Raay, Johannes G M Burgerhof, Egbert Otten

Abstract readClinical Trial
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy : official journal of the ESSKA, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 39 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
39citing papers in PubMed, 6 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

39 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

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  17. Neurophysiology of ACL Injury.Orthopedic reviews · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Alli GokelerCenter for Human Movement Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands. a.gokeler@rug.nl.
Marsha BisschopCenter for Human Movement Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
Gregory D MyerDivision of Sports Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics and Orthopaedic Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
Anne BenjaminseCenter for Human Movement Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
Pieter U DijkstraDepartment of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Center for Rehabilitation, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
Helco G van KeekenCenter for Human Movement Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
Jos J A M van RaayDepartment of Orthopedic Surgery, Martini Hospital, Groningen, The Netherlands.
Johannes G M BurgerhofDepartment of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
Egbert OttenCenter for Human Movement Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of immersion in a virtual reality environment on knee biomechanics in patients after ACL reconstruction (ACLR). It was hypothesized that virtual reality techniques aimed to change attentional focus would influence altered knee flexion angle, knee extension moment and peak vertical ground reaction force (vGRF) in patients following ACLR.

methodsTwenty athletes following ACLR and 20 healthy controls (CTRL) performed a step-down task in both a non-virtual reality environment and a virtual reality environment displaying a pedestrian traffic scene. A motion analysis system and force plates were used to measure kinematics and kinetics during a step-down task to analyse each single-leg landing.

resultsA significant main effect was found for environment for knee flexion excursion (P = n.s.). Significant interaction differences were found between environment and groups for vGRF (P = 0.004), knee moment (P < 0.001), knee angle at peak vGRF (P = 0.01) and knee flexion excursion (P = 0.03). There was larger effect of virtual reality environment on knee biomechanics in patients after ACLR compared with controls.

conclusionPatients after ACLR immersed in virtual reality environment demonstrated knee joint biomechanics that approximate those of CTRL. The results of this study indicate that a realistic virtual reality scenario may distract patients after ACLR from conscious motor control. Application of clinically available technology may aid in current rehabilitation programmes to target altered movement patterns after ACLR. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Diagnostic study, Level III.

Indexed as

Postoperative CareReturn to SportVirtual Reality Exposure TherapyAdolescentAdultAnterior Cruciate Ligament InjuriesAnterior Cruciate Ligament ReconstructionBiomechanical PhenomenaCase-Control StudiesFemaleHumansKnee JointMaleMiddle AgedMovementYoung AdultAnterior cruciate ligamentExternal focusKnee biomechanicsMotor learning

Identifiers

PMID25311052

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.