ReviewPediatric research2015
Maternal influences on fetal microbial colonization and immune development.
Review in Pediatric research, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 112 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
112 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 208 citations in OpenAlex.
- Mare's Milk for Gut Microbiome Restoration and Immune Recovery After COVID-19 in Children and Pregnant Women: A Hypothesis-Generating Systematic Review.Biomolecules · 2026Pooled it
- Effects of antibiotic prophylaxis during labour on maternal and neonatal outcomes in women planning vaginal birth.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2025Pooled it
- Investigating prenatal and perinatal factors on meconium microbiota: a systematic review and cohort study.Pediatric research · 2024Pooled it
- Maternal and Neonatal Oral Microbiome Developmental Patterns and Correlated Factors: A Systematic Review-Does the Apple Fall Close to the Tree?International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Pooled it
- Maternal exposures and the infant gut microbiome: a systematic review with meta-analysis.Gut microbesPooled it
- Metformin Treatment in PCOS Pregnancies Reduces Maternal Infections and Increases the Risk of Allergies and Eczema in the Offspring: Post Hoc Analyses of Two Randomised Controlled Trials and One Follow-Up Study.BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology · 2025Trial
- Fungi form interkingdom microbial communities in the primordial human gut that develop with gestational age.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2019Trial
- Maternal obesity modifies the vertical transmission of gut microbiota and metabolites: Insights from mother-infant dyads in a mexican cohort.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Unveiling balanced prenatal microbial colonization in amniotic fluid through an integrated culture and sequencing approach.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Article
- Prenatal Exposure to Proton Pump Inhibitors and Risk of Serious Infections in Offspring During the First Year of Life: A Nationwide Cohort Study.Drug safety · 2025Article
- The effects of early childhood probiotic intake on the association between prenatal micronutrient supplementation and neurobehavioral development in preschool children: a four-way decomposition analysis.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
- Association Between Maternal IBD-Related Antibodies and Early Life Gut Inflammatory Status and Microbiota Composition: Insights from Cord Blood.Journal of inflammation research · 2025Article
- The Influence of Intestinal Microbiota on BDNF Levels.Nutrients · 2024Review
- Article
- In Utero Exposure to Antibiotics and Risk of Serious Infections in the First Year of Life.Drug safety · 2024Article
- Review
- Can the Evidence-Based Use of Probiotics (Notably Saccharomyces boulardii CNCM I-745 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG) Mitigate the Clinical Effects of Antibiotic-Associated Dysbiosis?Advances in therapy · 2024Article
- Exploring the Interplay between COVID-19 and Gut Health: The Potential Role of Prebiotics and Probiotics in Immune Support.Viruses · 2024Review
- Review
- The dogma of the sterile uterus revisited: does microbial seeding occur during fetal life in humans and animals?Reproduction (Cambridge, England) · 2024Review
52 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
While critical for normal development, the exact timing of establishment of the intestinal microbiome is unknown. For example, although preterm labor and birth have been associated with bacterial colonization of the amniotic cavity and fetal membranes for many years, the prevailing dogma of a sterile intrauterine environment during normal term pregnancies has been challenged more recently. While found to be a key contributor of evolution in the animal kingdom, maternal transmission of commensal bacteria may also constitute a critical process during healthy pregnancies in humans with yet unclear developmental importance. Metagenomic sequencing has elucidated a rich placental microbiome in normal term pregnancies likely providing important metabolic and immune contributions to the growing fetus. Conversely, an altered microbial composition during pregnancy may produce aberrant metabolites impairing fetal brain development and life-long neurological outcomes. Here we review the current understanding of microbial colonization at the feto-maternal interface and explain how normal gut colonization drives a balanced neonatal mucosal immune system, while dysbiosis contributes to aberrant immune function early in life and beyond. We discuss how maternal genetics, diet, medications, and probiotics inform the fetal microbiome in preparation for perinatal and postnatal bacterial colonization.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.