ReviewFrontiers in cellular neuroscience2014
Antigen-specific immune reactions to ischemic stroke.
Review in Frontiers in cellular neuroscience, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 58 citations in OpenAlex.
- Research progress on the roles of neurovascular unit in stroke-induced immunosuppression.Zhejiang da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Zhejiang University. Medical sciences · 2023Review
- The central role of peripheral inflammation in ischemic stroke.Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism · 2023Review
- The Assessment of Endovascular Therapies in Ischemic Stroke: Management, Problems and Future Approaches.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Review
- The effect of fingolimod on regulatory T cells in a mouse model of brain ischaemia.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2021Article
- Cerebral-Cardiac Syndrome and Diabetes: Cardiac Damage After Ischemic Stroke in Diabetic State.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
- Serum Extracellular Vesicle-Derived miR-124-3p as a Diagnostic and Predictive Marker for Early-Stage Acute Ischemic Stroke.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2021Article
- Developmental Dysfunction of the Central Nervous System Lymphatics Modulates the Adaptive Neuro-Immune Response in the Perilesional Cortex in a Mouse Model of Traumatic Brain Injury.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Article
- Antigen-Dependent T Cell Response to Neural Peptides After Human Ischemic Stroke.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2020Article
- Glucocorticoids Regulate Bone Marrow B Lymphopoiesis After Stroke.Circulation research · 2019Article
- Central nervous system lymphatic unit, immunity, and epilepsy: Is there a link?Epilepsia open · 2019Review
- The spleen may be an important target of stem cell therapy for stroke.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2019Review
- Old Dog New Tricks; Revisiting How Stroke Modulates the Systemic Immune Landscape.Frontiers in neurology · 2019Review
- The peripheral immune response after stroke-A double edge sword for blood-brain barrier integrity.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2018Review
- Emerging Role of Immunity in Cerebral Small Vessel Disease.Frontiers in immunology · 2018Review
- Increase of Meningitis Risk in Stroke Patients in Taiwan.Frontiers in neurology · 2018Article
- Paradigm Shift to Neuroimmunomodulation for Translational Neuroprotection in Stroke.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2018Review
- Understanding the functions and relationships of the glymphatic system and meningeal lymphatics.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2017Review
- Partial MHC class II constructs as novel immunomodulatory therapy for stroke.Neurochemistry international · 2017Review
- How and why do T cells and their derived cytokines affect the injured and healthy brain?Nature reviews. Neuroscience · 2017Review
- DRα1-MOG-35-55 Reduces Permanent Ischemic Brain Injury.Translational stroke research · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Brain proteins are detected in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood of stroke patients and their concentration is related to the extent of brain damage. Antibodies against brain antigens develop after stroke, suggesting a humoral immune response to the brain injury. Furthermore, induced immune tolerance is beneficial in animal models of cerebral ischemia. The presence of circulating T cells sensitized against brain antigens, and antigen presenting cells (APCs) carrying brain antigens in draining lymphoid tissue of stroke patients support the notion that stroke might induce antigen-specific immune responses. After stroke, brain proteins that are normally hidden from the periphery, inflammatory mediators, and danger signals can exit the brain through several efflux routes. They can reach the blood after leaking out of the damaged blood-brain barrier (BBB) or following the drainage of interstitial fluid to the dural venous sinus, or reach the cervical lymph nodes through the nasal lymphatics following CSF drainage along the arachnoid sheaths of nerves across the nasal submucosa. The route and mode of access of brain antigens to lymphoid tissue could influence the type of response. Central and peripheral tolerance prevents autoimmunity, but the actual mechanisms of tolerance to brain antigens released into the periphery in the presence of inflammation, danger signals, and APCs, are not fully characterized. Stroke does not systematically trigger autoimmunity, but under certain circumstances, such as pronounced systemic inflammation or infection, autoreactive T cells could escape the tolerance controls. Further investigation is needed to elucidate whether antigen-specific immune events could underlie neurological complications impairing recovery from stroke.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.