ReviewMediators of inflammation2014
Toll-like receptor 2 as a regulator of oral tolerance in the gastrointestinal tract.
Review in Mediators of inflammation, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- Importance of intestinal microenvironment in development of arthritis. A systematic review.Immunologic research · 2015Pooled it
- Association of early life anti-pathogen immune responses with infant food sensitisation and allergy: An elastic-net stability-selection approach.Pediatric allergy and immunology : official publication of the European Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology · 2026Article
- The immune anatomy of the small intestine facilitates regulatory responses.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Impact of toll-like receptors on food allergy: mechanisms involved and scientific evidence.Journal of physiology and biochemistry · 2025Review
- Breast milk microRNAs: Potential players in oral tolerance development.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Eosinophilic Esophagitis and Microbiota: State of the Art.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
- Oral Versus Gastrointestinal Mucosal Immune Niches in Homeostasis and Allostasis.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
- Toll-like receptor 2 activation induces C-C chemokine receptor 2-dependent natural killer cell recruitment to the peritoneum.Immunology and cell biology · 2020Article
- Immune response in piglets orally immunized with recombinant Bacillus subtilis expressing the capsid protein of porcine circovirus type 2.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2020Article
- Pre- and Neonatal Imprinting on Immunological Homeostasis and Epithelial Barrier Integrity byFrontiers in immunology · 2020Article
- Article
- Toll-like receptors-mediated pathways activate inflammatory responses in the esophageal mucosa of adult eosinophilic esophagitis.Clinical and translational gastroenterology · 2018Article
- Article
- Toll-like receptor 2 activators modulate oral tolerance in mice.Clinical and experimental allergy : journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology · 2015Article
- Histological findings in infants with Gastrointestinal food allergy are associated with specific gastrointestinal symptoms; retrospective review from a tertiary centre.BMC clinical pathology · 2015Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Food allergy, other adverse immune responses to foods, inflammatory bowel disease, and eosinophilic esophagitis have become increasingly common in the last 30 years. It has been proposed in the "hygiene hypothesis" that dysregulated immune responses to environmental microbial stimuli may modify the balance between tolerance and sensitization in some patients. Of the pattern recognition receptors that respond to microbial signals, toll-like receptors (TLRs) represent the most investigated group. The relationship between allergy and TLR activation is currently at the frontier of immunology research. Although TLR2 is abundant in the mucosal environment, little is known about the complex relationship between bystander TLR2 activation by the commensal microflora and the processing of oral antigens. This review focuses on recent advances in our understanding of the relationship between TLR2 and oral tolerance, with an emphasis on regulatory T cells, eosinophils, B cells, IgA, intestinal regulation, and commensal microbes.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.