ArticleImmunity2014
CD4+ T cell help guides formation of CD103+ lung-resident memory CD8+ T cells during influenza viral infection.
Article in Immunity, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 269 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
269 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 362 citations in OpenAlex.
- Tissue-Resident Memory T Cells in Skin Diseases: A Systematic Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Pooled it
- Peripheral CD4+ T cell subsets and antibody response in COVID-19 convalescent individuals.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2020Trial
- Epitope-specific airway-resident CD4+ T cell dynamics during experimental human RSV infection.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2020Trial
- Impact of etonogestrel implant use on T-cell and cytokine profiles in the female genital tract and blood.PloS one · 2020Trial
- Using interpretable machine learning models to predict the occurrence of severe influenza in hospitalized children: a retrospective cohort study.BMC medical informatics and decision making · 2026Article
- Distinct migratory dendritic cell subsets cooperate to prime tissue-resident memory-like CD8⁺ T cells in mouse tumors.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Virus-specific memory CD4 T cells sustain long-term numerical and functional impairment following whole-body irradiation.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2026Article
- Whole-body irradiation causes long-term impairments in the maintenance and function of naïve CD4 T cells specific for self- and non-self-antigens.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2026Article
- Tumor-resident T cells and dendritic cells form an in situ archetype during immunotherapy response in melanoma.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Temporal Dissection of TGF-β signaling reveals differential impact during female reproductive mucosal CD8 resident memory T cell differentiation.Mucosal immunology · 2026Article
- Article
- KLF2 overrides the resident memory CD8 T cell differentiation program, in opposition to KLF3.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Dual induction of tissue-resident T and B cell immunity for broad influenza protection with a nanofiber-VLP vaccine.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Article
- Optimal transport fate mapping resolves T cell differentiation dynamics across tissues.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Exercise and tissue-resident memory T cells: from circulating numbers to spatial immune remodeling.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Role of mucosal chemokines in the development of tissue-resident CD4Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Tissue-resident memory CD8Nature reviews. Gastroenterology & hepatology · 2025Review
- Multi-omics uncovers transcriptional programs of gut-resident memory CD4+ T cells in Crohn's disease.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2025Article
- Mucosal immunity and vaccination strategies: current insights and future perspectives.Molecular biomedicine · 2025Review
- Impact of Obesity on Immunity to the Influenza Virus: Gut Microbiota, Mechanisms, and Novel Therapeutic Strategies.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
209 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Tissue-resident memory T (Trm) cells provide enhanced protection against infection at mucosal sites. Here we found that CD4(+) T cells are important for the formation of functional lung-resident CD8(+) T cells after influenza virus infection. In the absence of CD4(+) T cells, CD8(+) T cells displayed reduced expression of CD103 (Itgae), were mislocalized away from airway epithelia, and demonstrated an impaired ability to recruit CD8(+) T cells to the lung airways upon heterosubtypic challenge. CD4(+) T cell-derived interferon-γ was necessary for generating lung-resident CD103(+) CD8(+) Trm cells. Furthermore, expression of the transcription factor T-bet was increased in "unhelped" lung Trm cells, and a reduction in T-bet rescued CD103 expression in the absence of CD4(+) T cell help. Thus, CD4(+) T cell-dependent signals are important to limit expression of T-bet and allow for the development of CD103(+) CD8(+) Trm cells in the lung airways following respiratory infection.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.