Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25304360›Full record

ReviewBrain research2015

Diagnostic and therapeutic potentials of exosomes in CNS diseases.

Ivana Kawikova, Philip W Askenase

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Brain research, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 75 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
75citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

75 citing papers in PubMed.

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15 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Ivana KawikovaSection of Clinical Immunology, Yale University School of Medicine, TAC S-217, 300 Cedar St., New Haven, CT 06511, USA. Electronic address: kawikova.ivana@gmail.com.
Philip W AskenaseSection of Clinical Immunology, Yale University School of Medicine, TAC S-217, 300 Cedar St., New Haven, CT 06511, USA. Electronic address: philip.askenase@yale.edu.

Funding

SOC CoreU54DA036134 · NIDA · BAYLOR COLLEGE OF MEDICINE · PI GALAS, DAVID J., GERSTEIN, MARK BENDER · 2013 to 2018
$15.0M
ALLERGY AND IMMUNOLOGY TRAINING GRANTT32AI007174 · NIAID · YALE UNIVERSITY · PI ASKENASE, PHILIP WILLIAM · 1985 to 2015
$2.6M
Initiation of Contact and Asthmatic HypersensitivityR01AI059801 · NIAID · YALE UNIVERSITY · PI ASKENASE, PHILIP WILLIAM · 2004 to 2008
$1.8M
The Role of AID in Contact SensitivityR21AI076366 · NIAID · YALE UNIVERSITY · PI ASKENASE, PHILIP WILLIAM · 2009 to 2010
$636k
NIAID NIH HHS AI-05981NIAID NIH HHS AI-07174NIAID NIH HHS AI-076366NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI059801NIAID NIH HHS R21 AI076366NIAID NIH HHS T32 AI007174NIDA NIH HHS U54 DA036134NIDA NIH HHS U54DA036134
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

A newly discovered cell-to-cell communication system involves small, membrane-enveloped nanovesicles, called exosomes. We describe here how these extracellular nanoparticles were discovered and how it became gradually apparent that they play fundamental roles in regulation of physiological functions and pathological processes. Exosomes enable intercellular communication by transporting genetic material, proteins and lipids to cells in their vicinity or at distant sites, and subsequently regulating functions of targeted cells. Relatively recent experiments indicate that exosomes are released also by CNS cells, including cortical and hippocampal neurons, glial cells, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes, and that exosomes have significant impact on pathophysiology of the brain. How it is decided what individual exosomes will carry to their targets is not understood, but it appears that the contents may represent "signature cargos" that are characteristic for various conditions. Exploration of such characteristics could result in discovery of novel diagnostic biomarkers. Exosomes are also promising as a vehicle for therapeutic delivery of micro RNA or other compounds. How to deliver exosomes to selected sites has been a tantalizing question. Recent experiments revealed that at least some exosomes carry antibodies on their surface, suggesting that it may be feasible to deliver exosomes to unique sites based on the recognition of antigens by those antibodies. This discovery implies that rather precise targeting of both natural and engineered exosomes may be feasible. This would reduce distribution volume of therapeutics, and consequently minimize their side effects. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Neuroimmunology in Health And Disease.

Indexed as

AnimalsBiomarkersBrainCell CommunicationCentral Nervous System DiseasesDrug CarriersExosomesHumansBiomarkersDrug CarriersBiomarkerCNS diseaseExosomesImmunologyMicro-RNA

Identifiers

PMID25304360
PMCPMC4862949

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.