Trial reportLipids in health and disease2014
Favourable effects of consuming a Palaeolithic-type diet on characteristics of the metabolic syndrome: a randomized controlled pilot-study.
Trial report in Lipids in health and disease, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Effects of carbohydrate-restricted diets and macronutrient replacements on cardiovascular health and body composition in adults: a meta-analysis of randomized trials.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2025Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Influence of Paleolithic diet on anthropometric markers in chronic diseases: systematic review and meta-analysis.Nutrition journal · 2019Pooled it
- Effects of a Paleolithic Diet on Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2019Pooled it
- Paleolithic nutrition for metabolic syndrome: systematic review and meta-analysis.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2015Pooled it
- Trial
- A Paleolithic diet lowers resistant starch intake but does not affect serum trimethylamine-N-oxide concentrations in healthy women.The British journal of nutrition · 2019Trial
- Trial
- Palaeolithic diet decreases fasting plasma leptin concentrations more than a diabetes diet in patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomised cross-over trial.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2016Trial
- Cardiometabolic trade-offs of carbohydrate- and fat-focused diets: a network meta-analysis of randomised clinical trials.European journal of nutrition · 2026Article
- Effects of the Paleo diet on resting metabolic rate in handball players.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Gut microbiome and functional adaptations to paleo and rational diets in professional athletes: a pilot study.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
- Diet After Acute Coronary Artery Syndrome.Nutrients · 2025Review
- Association between Paleolithic diet fraction and systemic low-grade chronic inflammation in the Malmö diet and cancer study cohort.European journal of nutrition · 2025Article
- Paleolithic diet fraction and score in post hoc data analysis of a randomized controlled trial with lifestyle interventions for abdominal obesity.BMC nutrition · 2025Article
- Autoimmune protocol diet: A personalized elimination diet for patients with autoimmune diseases.Metabolism open · 2025Review
- Multifunctional dietary interventions, low-grade inflammation and cardiometabolic profile: a scoping review.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Does the Paleo diet affect an athlete's health and sport performance?Biology of sport · 2023Article
- Review
- A score appraising Paleolithic diet and the risk of cardiovascular disease in a Mediterranean prospective cohort.European journal of nutrition · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe main goal of this randomized controlled single-blinded pilot study was to study whether, independent of weight loss, a Palaeolithic-type diet alters characteristics of the metabolic syndrome. Next we searched for outcome variables that might become favourably influenced by a Paleolithic-type diet and may provide new insights in the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the metabolic syndrome. In addition, more information on feasibility and designing an innovative dietary research program on the basis of a Palaeolithic-type diet was obtained.
methodsThirty-four subjects, with at least two characteristics of the metabolic syndrome, were randomized to a two weeks Palaeolithic-type diet (n = 18) or an isoenergetic healthy reference diet, based on the guidelines of the Dutch Health Council (n = 14). Thirty-two subjects completed the study. Measures were taken to keep bodyweight stable. As primary outcomes oral glucose tolerance and characteristics of the metabolic syndrome (abdominal circumference, blood pressure, glucose, lipids) were measured. Secondary outcomes were intestinal permeability, inflammation and salivary cortisol. Data were collected at baseline and after the intervention.
resultsSubjects were 53.5 (SD9.7) year old men (n = 9) and women (n = 25) with mean BMI of 31.8 (SD5.7) kg/m2. The Palaeolithic-type diet resulted in lower systolic blood pressure (-9.1 mmHg; P = 0.015), diastolic blood pressure (-5.2 mmHg; P = 0.038), total cholesterol (-0.52 mmol/l; P = 0.037), triglycerides (-0.89 mmol/l; P = 0.001) and higher HDL-cholesterol (+0.15 mmol/l; P = 0.013), compared to reference. The number of characteristics of the metabolic syndrome decreased with 1.07 (P = 0.010) upon the Palaeolithic-type diet, compared to reference. Despite efforts to keep bodyweight stable, it decreased in the Palaeolithic group compared to reference (-1.32 kg; P = 0.012). However, favourable effects remained after post-hoc adjustments for this unintended weight loss. No changes were observed for intestinal permeability, inflammation and salivary cortisol.
conclusionsWe conclude that consuming a Palaeolithic-type diet for two weeks improved several cardiovascular risk factors compared to a healthy reference diet in subjects with the metabolic syndrome.
trial registrationNederlands Trial Register NTR3002.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.