ArticleAtherosclerosis2014
Risk factors for cardiovascular disease across the spectrum of older age: the Cardiovascular Health Study.
Article in Atherosclerosis, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 41 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
41 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 78 citations in OpenAlex.
- Japan Atherosclerosis Society (JAS) Guidelines for Prevention of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Diseases 2017.Journal of atherosclerosis and thrombosis · 2018Guideline
- Associations of Brain Structure and Neuropsychological Function With Artificial Intelligence Estimates of Biological Vascular Age.Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology · 2026Article
- Family History and ASCVD Risk Among Different Age Groups: Cohort Study in China and the United Kingdom.JACC. Asia · 2026Article
- Elevating the Role of Family History in ASCVD Prevention: Insights From China-PAR and UK Biobank.JACC. Asia · 2026Article
- Automated Extraction of Pulsatile Stiffness and Wall Asymmetry from Aortic M-Mode Ultrasound Images.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Cardiovascular Events in US Adults Aged ≥80 Years: Incidence, Risk Factors, and Outcomes.Circulation. Population health and outcomes · 2026Article
- Redox Regulation of Complement Pathway Activation in Aging and Related Diseases.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Ultra-processed foods, plant and animal sources, and all-cause, cardiovascular, and cancer mortality in older adults in the United States: results from the Cardiovascular Health Study.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2025Article
- Metabolomic Pathways of Inflammation and Mitochondrial Dysfunction Are Related to Worsening Healthy Aging Index and Mortality.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2025Article
- NF-κB-Specific Suppression in Cardiomyocytes Unveils Aging-Associated Responses in Cardiac Tissue.Biomedicines · 2025Article
- Aging Hallmarks and Progression and Age-Related Diseases: A Landscape View of Research Advancement.ACS chemical neuroscience · 2024Review
- First manifestation of cardiovascular disease according to age and sex in a Mediterranean country.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2024Article
- Neighborhood factors and survival to old age: The Jackson Heart Study.Preventive medicine reports · 2023Article
- Stroke risk in older British men: Comparing performance of stroke-specific and composite-CVD risk prediction tools.Preventive medicine reports · 2023Article
- A Propensity Score Matched Analysis of Statin Effects on Major Adverse Cardiac Events after Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Patients Over 75 Years Old.Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan) · 2022Article
- Heat maps of cardiovascular disease risk factor clustering among community-dwelling older people in Xinjiang: a cross-sectional study.BMJ open · 2022Article
- Obesity and its associated factors among older adults: MyHEBAT (Health science reports · 2022Article
- Cardiovascular damage phenotypes and all-cause and CVD mortality in older adults.Annals of epidemiology · 2021Article
- Level and Change in N-Terminal Pro-B-Type Natriuretic Peptide and Kidney Function and Survival to Age 90.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2021Observational
- Impact of nutritional index on long-term outcomes of elderly patients with coronary artery disease: sub-analysis of the SHINANO 5 year registry.Heart and vessels · 2021Observational
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 12 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveThe associations of some risk factors with cardiovascular disease (CVD) are attenuated in older age; whereas others appear robust. The present study aimed to compare CVD risk factors across older age.
methodsParticipants (n = 4883) in the Cardiovascular Health Study free of prevalent CVD, were stratified into three age groups: 65-74, 75-84, 85+ years. Traditional risk factors included systolic blood pressure (BP), LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, obesity, and diabetes. Novel risk factors included kidney function, C-reactive protein (CRP), and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT pro-BNP).
resultsThere were 1498 composite CVD events (stroke, myocardial infarction, and cardiovascular death) over 5 years. The associations of high systolic BP and diabetes appeared strongest, though both were attenuated with age (p-values for interaction = 0.01 and 0.002, respectively). The demographic-adjusted hazard ratios (HR) for elevated systolic BP were 1.79 (95% confidence interval: 1.49, 2.15), 1.59 (1.37, 1.85) and 1.10 (0.86, 1.41) in participants aged 65-74, 75-84, 85+, and for diabetes, 2.36 (1.89, 2.95), 1.55 (1.27, 1.89), 1.51 (1.10, 2.09). The novel risk factors had consistent associations with the outcome across the age spectrum; low kidney function: 1.69 (1.31, 2.19), 1.61 (1.36, 1.90), and 1.57 (1.16, 2.14) for 65-74, 75-84, and 85+ years, respectively; elevated CRP: 1.54 (1.28, 1.87), 1.33 (1.13, 1.55), and 1.51 (1.15, 1.97); elevated NT pro-BNP: 2.67 (1.96, 3.64), 2.71 (2.25, 3.27), and 2.18 (1.43, 3.45).
conclusionsThe associations of most traditional risk factors with CVD were minimal in the oldest old, whereas diabetes, eGFR, CRP, and NT pro-BNP were associated with CVD across older age.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.