ReviewGenesis (New York, N.Y. : 2000)2014
On a possible evolutionary link of the stomochord of hemichordates to pharyngeal organs of chordates.
Review in Genesis (New York, N.Y. : 2000), 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 38 citations in OpenAlex.
- Deep homology of aScience advances · 2025Article
- Article
- Pre-mandibular pharyngeal pouches in early non-teleost fish embryos.Proceedings. Biological sciences · 2023Article
- The notochord gene regulatory network in chordate evolution: Conservation and divergence from Ciona to vertebrates.Current topics in developmental biology · 2020Review
- The sea cucumber genome provides insights into morphological evolution and visceral regeneration.PLoS biology · 2017Article
- Functional and evolutionary insights from theDevelopment (Cambridge, England) · 2017Article
- Article
- The chordate ancestor possessed a single copy of theZoological letters · 2017Article
- Head regeneration in hemichordates is not a strict recapitulation of development.Developmental dynamics : an official publication of the American Association of Anatomists · 2016Article
- Nervous systems and scenarios for the invertebrate-to-vertebrate transition.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2016Review
- Article
- Did the notochord evolve from an ancient axial muscle? The axochord hypothesis.BioEssays : news and reviews in molecular, cellular and developmental biology · 2015Review
- Article
- The deuterostome context of chordate origins.Nature · 2015Review
- Evolution of the notochord.EvoDevo · 2015Review
- Chordate evolution and the three-phylum system.Proceedings. Biological sciences · 2014Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 8 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
As a group closely related to chordates, hemichordate acorn worms are in a key phylogenic position for addressing hypotheses of chordate origins. The stomochord of acorn worms is an anterior outgrowth of the pharynx endoderm into the proboscis. In 1886 Bateson proposed homology of this organ to the chordate notochord, crowning this animal group "hemichordates." Although this proposal has been debated for over a century, the question still remains unresolved. Here we review recent progress related to this question. First, the developmental mode of the stomochord completely differs from that of the notochord. Second, comparison of expression profiles of genes including Brachyury, a key regulator of notochord formation in chordates, does not support the stomochord/notochord homology. Third, FoxE that is expressed in the stomochord-forming region in acorn worm juveniles is expressed in the club-shaped gland and in the endostyle of amphioxus, in the endostyle of ascidians, and in the thyroid gland of vertebrates. Based on these findings, together with the anterior endodermal location of the stomochord, we propose that the stomochord has evolutionary relatedness to chordate organs deriving from the anterior pharynx rather than to the notochord.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.