Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25302567›Full record

ArticleNature communications2014

Positive selection and compensatory adaptation interact to stabilize non-transmissible plasmids.

A San Millan, R Peña-Miller, M Toll-Riera, Z V Halbert, A R McLean, B S Cooper, R C MacLean

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature communications, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 145 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
145citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

145 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Review
  4. Do plasmid-dependent phages enable the survival of costly plasmids?bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026
    Article
  5. Heterogeneous multicopy of blaNature communications · 2026
    Article
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  8. Article
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  11. Review
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
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  16. Article
  17. Article
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  19. Article
  20. Article

85 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

A San MillanDepartment of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PS, UK.
R Peña-Miller1] Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PS, UK [2] Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca 62210, México.
M Toll-RieraDepartment of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PS, UK.
Z V HalbertDepartment of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PS, UK.
A R McLeanDepartment of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PS, UK.
B S Cooper1] Centre for Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK [2] Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.
R C MacLeanDepartment of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PS, UK.

Funding

European Research Council 281591Medical Research Council MR/K006924/1Wellcome TrustWellcome Trust 089275/Z/09/Z
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Plasmids are important drivers of bacterial evolution, but it is challenging to understand how plasmids persist over the long term because plasmid carriage is costly. Classical models predict that horizontal transfer is necessary for plasmid persistence, but recent work shows that almost half of plasmids are non-transmissible. Here we use a combination of mathematical modelling and experimental evolution to investigate how a costly, non-transmissible plasmid, pNUK73, can be maintained in populations of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Compensatory adaptation increases plasmid stability by eliminating the cost of plasmid carriage. However, positive selection for plasmid-encoded antibiotic resistance is required to maintain the plasmid by offsetting reductions in plasmid frequency due to segregational loss. Crucially, we show that compensatory adaptation and positive selection reinforce each other's effects. Our study provides a new understanding of how plasmids persist in bacterial populations, and it helps to explain why resistance can be maintained after antibiotic use is stopped.

Indexed as

Adaptation, PhysiologicalAnti-Bacterial AgentsGene Transfer, HorizontalPlasmidsPseudomonas aeruginosaAnti-Bacterial Agents

Identifiers

PMID25302567
PMCPMC4208098

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.