ArticlePloS one2014
Circulating AIM as an indicator of liver damage and hepatocellular carcinoma in humans.
Article in PloS one, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers.
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Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 50 citations in OpenAlex.
- A kidney-protective mechanism via cellular oxidative stress reduction induced by CD5L protein.Cell death discovery · 2026Article
- The Involvement of Apoptosis Inhibitor of Macrophage in the Disease Severity of Primary Biliary Cholangitis.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Microbiome and Metaproteome of Craniofacial Implant Regions in Health and Disease.Oral diseases · 2025Article
- Apoptosis Inhibitor of Macrophage (AIM) Modulates Calcium Oxalate-Induced Ureteral Fibrosis in AIM-Felinized Mice.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Release of apoptosis inhibitor of macrophage (AIM) from pentameric IgM in serum predicts prognosis after hemodialysis initiation.Communications medicine · 2025Article
- Scavenger receptors: key players in the immunological puzzle of lupus.Frontiers in lupus · 2025Article
- Apoptosis inhibitor of macrophage suppress immune responses via IL-10 production and delay bacterial clearance inFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Article
- CD5L as a promising biological therapeutic for treating sepsis.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Apoptosis inhibitor of macrophage (AIM)/CD5L is involved in the pathogenesis of COPD.Respiratory research · 2023Article
- The comprehensive role of apoptosis inhibitor of macrophage (AIM) in pathological conditions.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2023Review
- Hepatocellular carcinoma diagnosis using a novel electrochemiluminescence immunoassay targeting serum IgM-free AIM.Clinical journal of gastroenterology · 2022Article
- The Role of Chronic Liver Diseases in the Emergence and Recurrence of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: An Omics Perspective.Frontiers in medicine · 2022Review
- Reduced Plasma Extracellular Vesicle CD5L Content in Patients With Acute-On-Chronic Liver Failure: Interplay With Specialized Pro-Resolving Lipid Mediators.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- A robust multiplex immunoaffinity mass spectrometry assay (PromarkerD) for clinical prediction of diabetic kidney disease.Clinical proteomics · 2020Article
- AIM-deficient mouse fed a high-trans fat, high-cholesterol diet: a new animal model for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.Experimental animals · 2019Article
- CD5L is a pleiotropic player in liver fibrosis controlling damage, fibrosis and immune cell content.EBioMedicine · 2019Article
- A scavenging system against internal pathogens promoted by the circulating protein apoptosis inhibitor of macrophage (AIM).Seminars in immunopathology · 2018Review
- The IgM pentamer is an asymmetric pentagon with an open groove that binds the AIM protein.Science advances · 2018Article
- Independent modes of disease repair by AIM protein distinguished in AIM-felinized mice.Scientific reports · 2018Article
- AIM associated with the IgM pentamer: attackers on stand-by at aircraft carrier.Cellular & molecular immunology · 2018Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
24 authors at 10 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the fifth most common cancer type and the third highest cause of cancer death worldwide, develops in different types of liver injuries, and is mostly associated with cirrhosis. However, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease often causes HCC with less fibrosis, and the number of patients with this disease is rapidly increasing. The high mortality rate and the pathological complexity of liver diseases and HCC require blood biomarkers that accurately reflect the state of liver damage and presence of HCC. METHODS AND
findingsHere we demonstrate that a circulating protein, apoptosis inhibitor of macrophage (AIM) may meet this requirement. A large-scale analysis of healthy individuals across a wide age range revealed a mean blood AIM of 4.99 ± 1.8 µg/ml in men and 6.06 ± 2.1 µg/ml in women. AIM levels were significantly augmented in the younger generation (20s-40s), particularly in women. Interestingly, AIM levels were markedly higher in patients with advanced liver damage, regardless of disease type, and correlated significantly with multiple parameters representing liver function. In mice, AIM levels increased in response to carbon tetrachloride, confirming that the high AIM observed in humans is the result of liver damage. In addition, carbon tetrachloride caused comparable states of liver damage in AIM-deficient and wild-type mice, indicating no influence of AIM levels on liver injury progression. Intriguingly, certain combinations of AIM indexes normalized to liver marker score significantly distinguished HCC patients from non-HCC patients and thus could be applicable for HCC diagnosis.
conclusionAIM potently reveals both liver damage and HCC. Thus, our results may provide the basis for novel diagnostic strategies for this widespread and fatal disease.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.