ReviewWorld journal of clinical oncology2014
Cyclooxygenase-2 and the inflammogenesis of breast cancer.
Review in World journal of clinical oncology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 84 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
84 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 172 citations in OpenAlex.
- Early life adversity exposure and circulating markers of inflammation in children and adolescents: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2020Pooled it
- Sulindac, a Nonselective NSAID, Reduces Breast Density in Postmenopausal Women with Breast Cancer Treated with Aromatase Inhibitors.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2021Trial
- Dodonaea viscosa in Breast Cancer: Phytochemistry, Anticancer Mechanisms, and Emerging Immunotherapeutic and Translational Perspectives.Cancer medicine · 2026Review
- Chronic type II interferon promotes tumor growth through mitochondrial RNA-induced type I interferon and prostaglandin synthesis.Science (New York, N.Y.) · 2026Article
- S-nitrosylated COX-2 is a microenvironment-regulated breast cancer cell biomarker of mesenchymal phenotypes.Experimental cell research · 2026Article
- The mechanisms and therapeutic advances of interactions between breast cancer and cardiovascular diseases.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Is Cyclooxygenase 2 Effective in Breast Cancer Diagnosis?Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP · 2025Article
- Mediating factors between autoimmune thyroiditis and breast cancer: a bidirectional Mendelian randomization study.Discover oncology · 2025Article
- Bisphenol A Promotes the Progression of Hormone-Sensitive Breast Cancers Through Several Inflammatory Pathways.Cancers · 2025Review
- Clinical Progress of Targeted Therapy for Breast Cancer: A Comprehensive Review.Current cancer drug targets · 2025Review
- Metabolites Associated with Polygenic Risk of Breast Cancer.Metabolites · 2024Article
- A new vision of photothermal therapy assisted with gold nanorods for the treatment of mammary cancers in adult female rats.Nanoscale advances · 2023Article
- New pyrazolyl-thiazolidinone/thiazole derivatives as celecoxib/dasatinib analogues with selective COX-2, HER-2 and EGFR inhibitory effects: design, synthesis, anti-inflammatory/anti-proliferative activities, apoptosis, molecular modelling and ADME studies.Journal of enzyme inhibition and medicinal chemistry · 2023Article
- Canine Mammary Cancer: State of the Art and Future Perspectives.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2023Review
- Differential dose-response effect of cyclosporine A in regulating apoptosis and autophagy markers in MCF-7 cells.Inflammopharmacology · 2023Article
- Pathways Affected by Falcarinol-Type Polyacetylenes and Implications for Their Anti-Inflammatory Function and Potential in Cancer Chemoprevention.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Article
- Seed-derived peptide lunasin suppressed breast cancer cell growth by regulating inflammatory mediators, aromatase, and estrogen receptors.Food & nutrition research · 2023Article
- Reversing PD-1 Resistance in B16F10 Cells and Recovering Tumour Immunity Using a COX2 Inhibitor.Cancers · 2022Article
- Cyclooxygenase-2 immunohistochemical expression is associated with worse prognosis in breast cancer: Retrospective study and literature review.Saudi medical journal · 2022Review
24 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Cohesive scientific evidence from molecular, animal, and human investigations supports the hypothesis that constitutive overexpression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is a ubiquitous driver of mammary carcinogenesis, and reciprocally, that COX-2 blockade has strong potential for breast cancer prevention and therapy. Key findings include the following: (1) COX-2 is constitutively expressed throughout breast cancer development and expression intensifies with stage at detection, cancer progression and metastasis; (2) essential features of mammary carcinogenesis (mutagenesis, mitogenesis, angiogenesis, reduced apoptosis, metastasis and immunosuppression) are linked to COX-2-driven prostaglandin E2 (PGE-2) biosynthesis; (3) upregulation of COX-2 and PGE-2 expression induces transcription of CYP-19 and aromatase-catalyzed estrogen biosynthesis which stimulates unbridled mitogenesis; (4) extrahepatic CYP-1B1 in mammary adipose tissue converts paracrine estrogen to carcinogenic quinones with mutagenic impact; and (5) agents that inhibit COX-2 reduce the risk of breast cancer in women without disease and reduce recurrence risk and mortality in women with breast cancer. Recent sharp increases in global breast cancer incidence and mortality are likely driven by chronic inflammation of mammary adipose and upregulation of COX-2 associated with the obesity pandemic. The totality of evidence clearly supports the supposition that mammary carcinogenesis often evolves as a progressive series of highly specific cellular and molecular changes in response to induction of constitutive over-expression of COX-2 and the prostaglandin cascade in the "inflammogenesis of breast cancer".
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.