ArticleExperimental & molecular medicine2014
Growth hormone receptor inhibition decreases the growth and metastasis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.
Article in Experimental & molecular medicine, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers.
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Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 41 citations in OpenAlex.
- Local growth hormone promotes benign prostatic hyperplasia.JCI insight · 2026Article
- Growth Hormone, Not Simply Just a Hormone for Growth.Endocrinology and metabolism (Seoul, Korea) · 2026Review
- Targeting Growth Hormone Receptor to Overcome Therapy Resistance in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Growth Hormone Signaling in Bladder Cancer: Transcriptomic Profiling of Patient Samples and In Vitro Evidence of Therapy Resistance via ABC Transporters and EMT Activation.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Growth Hormone Upregulates Melanoma Drug Resistance and Migration via Melanoma-Derived Exosomes.Cancers · 2024Article
- Excess endocrine growth hormone in acromegaly promotes the aggressiveness and metastasis of triple-negative breast cancer.iScience · 2024Article
- Growth Hormone Receptor Antagonist Markedly Improves Gemcitabine Response in a Mouse Xenograft Model of Human Pancreatic Cancer.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Nimbolide Inhibits SOD2 to Control Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Growth and Metastasis.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Exploitation and Verification of a Stroma- and Metastasis-Associated Risk Prognostic Signature in Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Covert actions of growth hormone: fibrosis, cardiovascular diseases and cancer.Nature reviews. Endocrinology · 2022Review
- Article
- Significant down-regulation of growth hormone receptor expression revealed as a new unfavorable prognostic factor in hepatitis C virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma.Clinical and molecular hepatology · 2021Article
- Zika virus dysregulates the expression of astrocytic genes involved in neurodevelopment.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2021Article
- Growth Hormone Upregulates Mediators of Melanoma Drug Efflux and Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition In Vitro and In Vivo.Cancers · 2020Article
- Hepatocyte nuclear factor 1 alpha influences pancreatic cancer growth and metastasis.Scientific reports · 2020Article
- Identification of a Prognostic 3-Gene Risk Prediction Model for Thyroid Cancer.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2020Article
- Human growth hormone level decreased in women aged <60 years but increased in men aged >50 years.Medicine · 2020Observational
- Growth hormone receptor promotes osteosarcoma cell growth and metastases.FEBS open bio · 2020Article
- The effects of growth hormone on therapy resistance in cancer.Cancer drug resistance (Alhambra, Calif.) · 2019Article
- Post-Receptor Inhibitors of the GHR-JAK2-STAT Pathway in the Growth Hormone Signal Transduction.International journal of molecular sciences · 2018Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is the only major cancer with very low survival rates (1%). It is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death. Hyperactivated growth hormone receptor (GHR) levels have been shown to increase the risk of cancer in general and this pathway is a master regulator of key cellular functions like proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation, metastasis, etc. However, to date there is no available data on how GHR promotes pancreatic cancer pathogenesis. Here, we used an RNA interference approach targeted to GHR to determine whether targeting GHR is an effective method for controlling pancreatic cancer growth and metastasis. For this, we used an in vitro model system consisting of HPAC and PANC-1 pancreatic cancer cells lines. GHR is upregulated in both of these cell lines and silencing GHR significantly reduced cell proliferation and viability. Inhibition of GHR also reduced the metastatic potential of pancreatic cancer cells, which was aided through decreased colony-forming ability and reduced invasiveness. Flow cytometric and western blot analyses revealed the induction of apoptosis in GHR silenced cells. GHR silencing affected phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase/AKT, mitogen extracellular signal-regulated kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase, Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription and mammalian target of rapamycin signaling, as well as, epithelial to mesenchymal transition. Interestingly, silencing GHR also suppressed the expression of insulin receptor-β and cyclo-oxygenease-2. Altogether, GHR silencing controls the growth and metastasis of pancreatic cancer and reveals its importance in pancreatic cancer pathogenesis.
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