Trial reportJournal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics2015
Dietary energy density is positively associated with breast density among young women.
Trial report in Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- Healthy Eating and Mortality among Breast Cancer Survivors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Cohort Studies.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Pooled it
- Relationship Between Breast Density and Selective Estrogen-Receptor Modulators, Aromatase Inhibitors, Physical Activity, and Diet: A Systematic Review.Integrative cancer therapies · 2016Pooled it
- Intake of dietary carbohydrates in early adulthood and adolescence and breast density among young women.Cancer causes & control : CCC · 2018Trial
- Consumption of ultraprocessed foods and breast density in adolescence.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- High dietary total energy intake and energy density are associated with girls' breast density during puberty.European journal of nutrition · 2025Article
- The Associations between Intakes of One-Carbon Metabolism-Related Vitamins and Breast Density among Young Women.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2024Article
- Review
- The epidemiologic factors associated with breast density: A review.Journal of research in medical sciences : the official journal of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences · 2022Review
- Dietary Energy Density and Fertility: Results from the Lifestyle and Fertility Study.Current developments in nutrition · 2021Article
- Quantitative Measurements of Breast Density Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of clinical medicine · 2019Review
- Association between Dietary Energy Density and Obesity-Associated Cancer: Results from the Women's Health Initiative.Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics · 2018Article
- Early Life Exposures and Adult Cancer Risk.Epidemiologic reviews · 2017Review
- Dietary Fat Intake During Adolescence and Breast Density Among Young Women.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors at 11 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundBreast density is an established predictor of breast cancer risk, and there is considerable interest in associations of modifiable lifestyle factors, such as diet, with breast density.
objectiveTo determine whether dietary energy density (ED) is associated with percent dense breast volume (%DBV) and absolute dense breast volume (ADBV) in young women.
designA cross-sectional analysis was conducted with women who participated in the Dietary Intervention Study in Children Follow-Up Study. %DBV and ADBV were measured by magnetic resonance imaging. Diet was assessed by three 24-hour recalls. Dietary ED (kilocalories/gram) was calculated using three methods: food only, food and caloric beverages, and food and all beverages. PARTICIPANTS/
settingOne hundred seventy-two women (aged 25 to 29 years) who were enrolled in the Dietary Intervention Study in Children Follow-Up Study. Participants who reported breast augmentation or reduction surgery or were pregnant or lactating within 3 months before breast density assessment were excluded.
main outcome measuresADBV and %DBV. STATISTICAL ANALYSES PERFORMED: Multivariable linear mixed effects models were used. Final models were adjusted for race, smoking status, education, parity, duration of sex hormone use, whole body percent fat, childhood body mass index z score, and energy from beverages.
resultsAfter adjustment, each 1 kcal/g unit increase in food-only ED was associated with a 25.9% (95% CI 6.2% to 56.8%) increase in %DBV (P=0.01). Childhood body mass index z score modified the association between food-only ED and %DBV such that a significant positive association was observed only in women who were heavier as children. Food-only ED was not associated with ADBV in all women, but a borderline significant positive association was observed in women who had higher childhood body mass index z scores.
conclusionsThis is the first report to suggest a potential role for dietary ED in breast density; the effects of long-term exposure to high-ED diets on breast cancer risk remain unknown.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.