ArticleEvolutionary psychology : an international journal of evolutionary approaches to psychology and behavior2014
U.S. masters track participation reveals a stable sex difference in competitiveness.
Article in Evolutionary psychology : an international journal of evolutionary approaches to psychology and behavior, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed.
- Associations between environmental factors and running performance: An observational study of the Berlin Marathon.PloS one · 2024Observational
- Performance and pacing of professional IRONMAN triathletes: the fastest IRONMAN World Championship ever-IRONMAN Hawaii 2022.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Elderly female ultra-marathoners reduced the gap to male ultra-marathoners in Swiss running races.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Psychological Femininity and Masculinity and Motivation in Team Sports.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Sex Differences in Anthropometric and Physiological Profiles of Hungarian Rowers of Different Ages.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
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- Exhibitionist Eating: Who Wins Eating Competitions?Frontiers in nutrition · 2016Article
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Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
It is well established that men are more likely than women to engage in direct competition, but it is unclear if this reflects social structural conditions or evolved predispositions. These hypotheses can be addressed by quantifying competitiveness in sports and testing if the sex difference is decreasing over time in the U.S., a society where social roles have converged. Study 1 assessed participation and the occurrence of relatively fast performances by masters runners (40-74 years old) at recent road races and track meets. Fast performances occurred over 20 times more often at track meets than at road races. Women comprised 55% of finishers at roads races but only 15-28% of finishers at track meets. Thus, the sex difference in masters track participation can serve as a measure of the sex difference in competitiveness. Study 2 used data from national championship meets and yearly rankings lists to test whether the sex difference in masters track participation decreased from 1988-2012. The sex difference decreased overall, but there was no evidence of change since the late 1990s. Therefore, the sex difference in the willingness to engage in direct sports competition appears to reflect both social structural conditions and evolved predispositions.
Indexed as
Identifiers
25300067PMC10457138What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.