ArticlePloS one2014
Cyclosporine A induces apoptotic and autophagic cell death in rat pituitary GH3 cells.
Article in PloS one, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 29 citations in OpenAlex.
- Autophagy modulation in animal models of corneal diseases: a systematic review.Molecular and cellular biochemistry · 2020Pooled it
- Targeting Autophagy for Pituitary Tumors.Cancers · 2025Review
- Hyaluronic acid conjugates with controlled oleic acid substitution as new nanomaterials for improving ocular co-delivery of cyclosporine A and oleic acid.Asian journal of pharmaceutical sciences · 2025Article
- The potential role of cyclosporine A in cancer treatment: a comprehensive literature review.Contemporary oncology (Poznan, Poland) · 2024Review
- Reduced Prevalence of Parkinson's Disease in Patients Prescribed Calcineurin Inhibitors.Journal of Parkinson's disease · 2024Article
- Oxidative stress in pituitary neuroendocrine tumors: Affecting the tumor microenvironment and becoming a new target for pituitary neuroendocrine tumor therapy.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2023Review
- Differential dose-response effect of cyclosporine A in regulating apoptosis and autophagy markers in MCF-7 cells.Inflammopharmacology · 2023Article
- Article
- Natural Reno-Protective Agents against Cyclosporine A-Induced Nephrotoxicity: An Overview.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Mitochondrial Dysfunction Contributes To Zinc-induced Neurodegeneration: a Link with NADPH Oxidase.Journal of molecular neuroscience : MN · 2022Article
- Tamoxifen Sensitizes Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Cells to Cannabidiol by Targeting Cyclophilin-D and Altering Mitochondrial CaInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2021Article
- Autophagy and Digestive Disorders: Advances in Understanding and Therapeutic Approaches.Biomolecules & therapeutics · 2021Review
- Mitochondrial Dysfunction Pathway Networks and Mitochondrial Dynamics in the Pathogenesis of Pituitary Adenomas.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2019Review
- Role of autophagy in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease.World journal of gastroenterology · 2017Review
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Drugs: A Focus on Autophagy.Journal of Crohn's & colitis · 2017Review
- Data of intracellular insulin protein reduced by autophagy in INS-1E cells.Data in brief · 2016Article
- Cell Death Conversion under Hypoxic Condition in Tumor Development and Therapy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2015Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Cyclosporine A (CsA) is a powerful immunosuppressive drug with side effects including the development of chronic nephrotoxicity. In this study, we investigated CsA treatment induced apoptotic and autophagic cell death in pituitary GH3 cells. CsA treatment (0.1 to 10 µM) decreased survival of GH3 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Cell viability decreased significantly with increasing CsA concentrations largely due to an increase in apoptosis, while cell death rates due to autophagy altered only slightly. Several molecular and morphological features correlated with cell death through these distinct pathways. At concentrations ranging from 1.0 to 10 µM, CsA induced a dose-dependent increase in expression of the autophagy markers LC3-I and LC3-II. Immunofluorescence staining revealed markedly increased levels of both LC3 and lysosomal-associated membrane protein 2 (Lamp2), indicating increases in autophagosomes. At the same CsA doses, apoptotic cell death was apparent as indicated by nuclear and DNA fragmentation and increased p53 expression. In apoptotic or autophagic cells, p-ERK levels were highest at 1.0 µM CsA compared to control or other doses. In contrast, Bax levels in both types of cell death were increased in a dose-dependent manner, while Bcl-2 levels showed dose-dependent augmentation in autophagy and were decreased in apoptosis. Manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD) showed a similar dose-dependent reduction in cells undergoing apoptosis, while levels of the intracellular calcium ion exchange maker calbindin-D9k were decreased in apoptosis (1.0 to 5 µM CsA), but unchanged in autophagy. In conclusion, these results suggest that CsA induction of apoptotic or autophagic cell death in rat pituitary GH3 cells depends on the relative expression of factors and correlates with Bcl-2 and Mn-SOD levels.
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Registered trials
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