ArticleInfection & chemotherapy2014
In vitro Synergism between Chloroquine and Antibiotics against Orientia tsutsugamushi.
Article in Infection & chemotherapy, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 8 citations in OpenAlex.
- Research mapping and comparative assessment of drug treatment regimens for brucellosis: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Pooled it
- Antibiotic Antagonism inInfection & chemotherapy · 2026Review
- Antibiotic Combination Therapy for Severe Scrub Typhus: Is It Necessary?Infection & chemotherapy · 2023Review
- The past, present and future of RNA respiratory viruses: influenza and coronaviruses.Pathogens and disease · 2020Review
- Autophagy in endothelial cells regulates their haematopoiesis-supporting ability.EBioMedicine · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundTo investigate whether chloroquine enhances the effect of antibiotics against Orientia tsutsugamushi, the causative organism of scrub typhus, we compared the effect of antibiotics in combination with chloroquine with the effect of antibiotics alone in vitro. MATERIALS AND
methodsThe Boryong or AFSC-4 strain was inoculated into ECV304 cells, and incubated in medium containing doxycycline (4 µg/mL), rifampin (4 µg/mL), azithromycin (0.5 µg/mL), chloroquine (1 µg/mL), and each of these antibiotics in combination with chloroquine for 7 d. Immunofluorescence (IF) staining for O. tsutsugamushi was performed 4 hr and 7 d after inoculation of the bacteria, and IF-positive foci were enumerated.
resultsChloroquine inhibited the growth of O. tsutsugamushi by 15.5%. In combination with chloroquine, the antimicrobial effects increased by 4.4% for doxycycline (a 92.9% reduction of bacterial numbers for doxycycline versus a 97.3% reduction for doxycycline plus chloroquine), 4.6% for rifampin (90.0% versus 94.6%), and 8.3% for azithromycin (86.9% versus 95.2%). The antimicrobial effect of the antibiotics alone was significantly different compared to the combined effect of antibiotics and chloroquine (Wilcoxon signed-rank test, P = 0.001).
conclusionsThe combined use of chloroquine with an antibiotic for the treatment of O. tsutsugamushi infections may be useful for increasing the efficacy of the antibiotics.
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Registered trials
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