ArticleScience translational medicine2014
A neural interface provides long-term stable natural touch perception.
Article in Science translational medicine, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 3 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 294 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Enhancing Functional and Cognitive Performances in People With Amputation and Peripheral Neuropathy Through the Restoration of Sensory Feedback in Real World and Virtual Reality Environments
Peripheral Nerve Stimulation and Spinal Cord Stimulation in Patients With Phantom Limb Pain After Upper Limb Amputation for Phantom Limb Pain Suppression and Development of the Biomarkers
Peripheral Nerve and Spinal Cord Stimulation in Patients With Pain Syndrome as a Result of Lower Limb Amputation in Order to Relieve Pain Syndrome and Develop Phantom Pain Biomarkers
Who cites it
294 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- A Systematic Review on Haptic Feedback in Medical Robotics: Technologies, Applications, Clinical Translation, and an Information-Oriented Perspective.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Pooled it
- Artificial referred sensation in upper and lower limb prosthesis users: a systematic review.Journal of neural engineering · 2022Pooled it
- Foreign Body Reaction to Implanted Biomaterials and Its Impact in Nerve Neuroprosthetics.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2021Pooled it
- Mind the gap: the temporal discrimination threshold of tactile sensation from implanted peripheral nerve stimulation.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2026Trial
- A methodological framework for the efficient characterization of peripheral nerve stimulation parameters.Journal of neural engineering · 2025Trial
- First-in-human implementation of a bidirectional somatosensory neuroprosthetic system with wireless communication.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2025Trial
- A new approach of inducing proprioceptive illusion by transcutaneous electrical stimulation.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2021Trial
- Testing silicone digit extensions as a way to suppress natural sensation to evaluate supplementary tactile feedback.PloS one · 2021Trial
- Characterization of multi-channel intraneural stimulation in transradial amputees.Scientific reports · 2019Trial
- Selective activation of nerve fiber subpopulations with intrafascicular stimulation.Journal of neural engineering · 2026Article
- Neural Interfaces for Bidirectional Sensory Restoration in Limb Prostheses: Current Evidence and Clinical Translation.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Trends in neuroprosthetic technologies to restore sensations.Biomedical engineering letters · 2026Review
- Towards neuromorphic neurotechnologies: integrating brain-inspired computing with brain-computer interfaces.npj biomedical innovations · 2026Review
- Functional Somatotopy of Lumbar Dorsal Rootlets and its Role in Selective Recruitment via Lateral Spinal Cord Stimulation.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Selective Activation of Nerve Fiber Subpopulations with Intrafascicular Stimulation.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Impact of transradial amputation and brachial plexus injury on vibrotactile sensation capacity of the upper extremity.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2026Article
- Perilesional neuromodulation replaces lost sensorimotor function in persons with spinal cord injury.Nature biomedical engineering · 2026Article
- Neural mechanisms underlying intracortical microstimulation for sensory restoration.Nature biomedical engineering · 2026Review
- The Electronic Grip Gauge (EGG): Automated Assessment of Sensorimotor Hand Function Using an Instrumented Fragile Object.IEEE transactions on neural systems and rehabilitation engineering : a publication of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society · 2026Article
- Temporal interference stimulation of peripheral nerves induces functionally diverse limb movements revealed by automated pose estimation and unsupervised behavioral analysis.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2025Article
234 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Touch perception on the fingers and hand is essential for fine motor control, contributes to our sense of self, allows for effective communication, and aids in our fundamental perception of the world. Despite increasingly sophisticated mechatronics, prosthetic devices still do not directly convey sensation back to their wearers. We show that implanted peripheral nerve interfaces in two human subjects with upper limb amputation provided stable, natural touch sensation in their hands for more than 1 year. Electrical stimulation using implanted peripheral nerve cuff electrodes that did not penetrate the nerve produced touch perceptions at many locations on the phantom hand with repeatable, stable responses in the two subjects for 16 and 24 months. Patterned stimulation intensity produced a sensation that the subjects described as natural and without "tingling," or paresthesia. Different patterns produced different types of sensory perception at the same location on the phantom hand. The two subjects reported tactile perceptions they described as natural tapping, constant pressure, light moving touch, and vibration. Changing average stimulation intensity controlled the size of the percept area; changing stimulation frequency controlled sensation strength. Artificial touch sensation improved the subjects' ability to control grasping strength of the prosthesis and enabled them to better manipulate delicate objects. Thus, electrical stimulation through peripheral nerve electrodes produced long-term sensory restoration after limb loss.
Indexed as
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.