ReviewPloS one2014
Right place, wrong species: a 20-year review of rabies virus cross species transmission among terrestrial mammals in the United States.
Review in PloS one, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 42 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
42 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 105 citations in OpenAlex.
- Geographical Distribution of Carnivore Hosts and Genotypes of Canine Distemper Virus (CDV) Worldwide: A Scoping Review and Spatial Meta-Analysis.Transboundary and emerging diseases · 2025Pooled it
- High sensitivity of the Bionote Anigen Rapid Rabies Antigen Test in detection of diverse rabies virus variants suggests utility for global rabies control.Journal of clinical microbiology · 2026Article
- Assessment of Nontarget Small Mammal Occupancy Using Broadly Designed Camera Arrays.Ecology and evolution · 2026Article
- Landscape-scale analysis of raccoon rabies surveillance reveals different drivers of disease dynamics across latitude.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2025Article
- The Challenge of Lyssavirus Infections in Domestic and Other Animals: A Mix of Virological Confusion, Consternation, Chagrin, and Curiosity.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Spatial Landscape Structure Influences Cross-Species Transmission in a Rabies-like Virus Model.Microorganisms · 2025Article
- Molecular epidemiology, evolution, and transmission dynamics of raccoon rabies virus in Connecticut.Virus evolution · 2025Article
- Minimal risk ofFrontiers in microbiology · 2025Article
- Cats: The New Challenge for Rabies Control in the State of Yucatan, Mexico.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- RABIES IN RODENTS AND LAGOMORPHS IN THE USA, 2011-20.Journal of wildlife diseases · 2023Article
- Defining County-Level Terrestrial Rabies Freedom Using the US National Rabies Surveillance System: Surveillance Data Analysis.JMIR public health and surveillance · 2023Article
- Raccoon rabies control and elimination in the northeastern U.S. and southern Québec, Canada.Epidemiology and infection · 2023Article
- Article
- Rabies in a postpandemic world: resilient reservoirs, redoubtable riposte, recurrent roadblocks, and resolute recidivism.Animal diseases · 2023Review
- Rabies virus in white-nosed coatis (Frontiers in veterinary science · 2023Article
- Quantifying intra- and inter-species contact rates at supplemental feeding sites in Ethiopia to inform rabies maintenance potential of multiple host species.Transboundary and emerging diseases · 2022Article
- Article
- Cross-species transmission of an ancient endogenous retrovirus and convergent co-option of its envelope gene in two mammalian orders.PLoS genetics · 2022Article
- Divergent Rabies Virus Variant of Probable Bat Origin in 2 Gray Foxes, New Mexico, USA.Emerging infectious diseases · 2022Article
- Accounting for animal movement improves vaccination strategies against wildlife disease in heterogeneous landscapes.Ecological applications : a publication of the Ecological Society of America · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionIn the continental US, four terrestrial mammalian species are reservoirs for seven antigenic rabies virus variants. Cross species transmission (CST) occurs when a rabies virus variant causes disease in non-reservoir species.
methodsThis study analyzed national surveillance data for rabies in terrestrial mammals. The CST rate was defined as: number of rabid non-reservoir animals/number of rabid reservoir animals. CST rates were analyzed for trend. Clusters of high CST rate counties were evaluated using space-time scanning statistics.
resultsThe number of counties reporting a raccoon variant CST rate >1.0 increased from 75 in 1992 to 187 in 2011; counties with skunk variant CST rates >1.0 remained unchanged during the same period. As of 2011, for every rabid raccoon reported within the raccoon variant region, there were 0.73 cases of this variant reported in non-reservoir animals. Skunks were the most common non-reservoir animal reported with the raccoon rabies variant. Domestic animals were the most common non-reservoir animal diagnosed with a skunk rabies virus variant (n = 1,601). Cross species transmission rates increased fastest among domestic animals.
conclusionsCross species transmission of rabies virus variants into non-reservoir animals increases the risk of human exposures and threatens current advances toward rabies control. Cross species transmission in raccoon rabies enzootic regions increased dramatically during the study period. Pet owners should vaccinate their dogs and cats to ensure against CST, particularly in regions with active foci of rabies circulation. Clusters of high CST activity represent areas for further study to better understand interspecies disease transmission dynamics. Each CST event has the potential to result in a rabies virus adapted for sustained transmission in a new species; therefore further understanding of the dynamics of CST may help in early detection or prevention of the emergence of new terrestrial rabies virus variants.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.