ReviewAnnual review of pharmacology and toxicology2015
Therapeutic applications of extracellular vesicles: clinical promise and open questions.
Review in Annual review of pharmacology and toxicology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 311 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
311 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes as Treatment for Stroke: a Systematic Review.Stem cell reviews and reports · 2021Pooled it
- Pleiotropic Effects of Exosomes as a Therapy for Stroke Recovery.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Pooled it
- Human iPSC-EV-loaded nanofiber stent coatings accelerate vascular repair by enhancing EGFR/HIF-1α signaling and suppressing ROCK1-mediated remodeling.Materials today. Bio · 2026Article
- Natural Product-Derived Vesicles in Nanotherapeutics.Journal of extracellular vesicles · 2026Review
- Encapsulation and Controlled Release of Human Spinal Cord Organoid-Derived Extracellular Vesicles for Tissue Patterning in Viscoelastic Hyaluronic Acid Hydrogels.Advanced healthcare materials · 2026Article
- Blood-Based Biomarkers for Post-Stroke Cognitive Impairment.Current issues in molecular biology · 2026Review
- Overcoming the Druggability Hurdles of Celastrol: A Critical Review of Advanced Drug Delivery Strategies.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- The 'sugar' side of extracellular vesicle-glycome: a panorama from basic characteristics, deciphering technologies, functions, to applications.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Review
- Distinguishing Pseudotransduction and True Transduction Enables Characterization and Bioengineering of Extracellular Vesicle-Adeno-Associated Virus Vectors.Journal of extracellular vesicles · 2026Article
- Vascular endothelial cell-derived small extracellular vesicles: A protective role against cardiomyocyte apoptosis in ischemia-reperfusion injury through miR410-3p-modulatedThe Journal of international medical research · 2026Article
- Choroid plexus modulates subventricular zone adult neurogenesis and olfaction through secretion of small extracellular vesicles.Fluids and barriers of the CNS · 2026Article
- Connecting the Dots: Milestones in the History of Extracellular Vesicle Research.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Co-delivery of panobinostat and siSTAT3 using engineered M1 exosomes to establish a one-two punch therapeutic strategy for glioblastoma recurrence.Materials today. Bio · 2026Article
- Microfluidic electro-viscoelastic manipulation of extracellular vesicles.FEBS open bio · 2026Article
- The Central Role of Oxidative Stress in Diabetic Retinopathy: Advances in Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Therapy.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Unveiling the role of extracellular vesicles in HIV infection: molecular mechanisms, viral persistence, and therapeutic opportunities.FEMS microbiology reviews · 2026Review
- Beyond the Cell: Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes as Next-Generation Tools in Regenerative Therapy.Stem cells international · 2026Review
- Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes in myocardial infarction repair: therapeutic potential and scaffold-based delivery strategies.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Exosomes in Skin of Color: Dermatological Insights, Therapeutic Potential, and Clinical Realities in India.Cureus · 2026Review
- A versatile platform for chemical engineering of exosomes empowered by ADP-ribosyl cyclases.Nature communications · 2025Article
251 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
This review provides an updated perspective on rapidly proliferating efforts to harness extracellular vesicles (EVs) for therapeutic applications. We summarize current knowledge, emerging strategies, and open questions pertaining to clinical potential and translation. Potentially useful EVs comprise diverse products of various cell types and species. EV components may also be combined with liposomes and nanoparticles to facilitate manufacturing as well as product safety and evaluation. Potential therapeutic cargoes include RNA, proteins, and drugs. Strategic issues considered herein include choice of therapeutic agent, means of loading cargoes into EVs, promotion of EV stability, tissue targeting, and functional delivery of cargo to recipient cells. Some applications may harness natural EV properties, such as immune modulation, regeneration promotion, and pathogen suppression. These properties can be enhanced or customized to enable a wide range of therapeutic applications, including vaccination, improvement of pregnancy outcome, and treatment of autoimmune disease, cancer, and tissue injury.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.