Trial reportAddiction (Abingdon, England)2015
Plain cigarette packs do not exert Pavlovian to instrumental transfer of control over tobacco-seeking.
Trial report in Addiction (Abingdon, England), 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Tobacco packaging design for reducing tobacco use.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2017Pooled it
- Appetitive Pavlovian-to-Instrumental Transfer in Participants with Normal-Weight and Obesity.Nutrients · 2019Trial
- Effects of first exposure to plain cigarette packaging on smoking behaviour and attitudes: a randomised controlled study.BMC public health · 2015Trial
- Learning Mechanisms in Alcohol Use Disorders.Addiction biology · 2026Review
- Does the Habit Theory of Addictions Extend to Disordered Gambling?Current addiction reports · 2026Review
- Choice of alcohol over a natural reward: an experimental study in light and heavy social drinkers.Psychopharmacology · 2025Article
- Relative expected value of drugs versus competing rewards underpins vulnerability to and recovery from addiction.Behavioural brain research · 2020Review
- Does acute stress influence the Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer effect? Implications for substance use disorders.Psychopharmacology · 2020Article
- Intact corticostriatal control of goal-directed action in Alcohol Use Disorder: a Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer and outcome-devaluation study.Scientific reports · 2020Article
- An Adaptation of Pavlovian-to-Instrumental Transfer (PIT) Methodology to Examine the Energizing Effects of Reward-Predicting Cues on Behavior in Young Adults.Frontiers in psychology · 2020Article
- Nucleus Accumbens Cholinergic Interneurons Oppose Cue-Motivated Behavior.Biological psychiatry · 2019Article
- Pavlovian to Instrumental Transfer Responses Do Not Correlate With Addiction-Like Behavior in Rats.Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience · 2019Article
- Article
- Associative mechanisms involved in specific Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer in human learning tasks.Quarterly journal of experimental psychology (2006) · 2018Article
- Cancer Patients Enrolled in a Smoking Cessation Clinical Trial: Characteristics and Correlates of Smoking Rate and Nicotine Dependence.Journal of addiction · 2018Article
- Drug cue reactivity involves hierarchical instrumental learning: evidence from a biconditional Pavlovian to instrumental transfer task.Psychopharmacology · 2017Article
- Pavlovian-to-Instrumental Transfer of Nicotine and Food Cues in Deprived Cigarette Smokers.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2017Article
- Beyond Cue Reactivity: Non-Drug-Related Motivationally Relevant Stimuli Are Necessary to Understand Reactivity to Drug-Related Cues.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2017Review
- Packaging colour research by tobacco companies: the pack as a product characteristic.Tobacco control · 2017Article
- Neural mechanisms underlying visual attention to health warnings on branded and plain cigarette packs.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2017Observational
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
aimsTo gain insight into the potential impact of plain tobacco packaging policy, two experiments were undertaken to test whether 'prototype' plain compared with branded UK cigarette pack stimuli would differentially elicit instrumental tobacco-seeking in a nominal Pavlovian to instrumental transfer (PIT) procedure. DESIGN, SETTING AND
participantsTwo experiments were undertaken at the University of Bristol UK, with a convenience sample of adult smokers (experiment 1, n = 23, experiment 2, n = 121). MEASUREMENT: In both experiments, smokers were trained on a concurrent choice procedure in which two responses earned points for cigarettes and chocolate, respectively, before images of branded and plain packs were tested for capacity to elicit the tobacco-seeking response in extinction. The primary outcome was percentage choice of the tobacco- over the chocolate-seeking response in plain pack, branded pack and no-stimulus conditions.
findingsBoth experiments found that branded packs primed a greater percentage of tobacco-seeking (overall mean = 62%) than plain packs (overall mean = 53%) and the no-stimulus condition (overall mean = 52%; Ps ≤ 0.01, ŋp (2) s ≥ 0.16), and that there was no difference in percentage tobacco-seeking between plain packs and the no-stimulus condition (Ps ≥ 0.17, ŋp (2) s ≤ 0.04). Plain tobacco packs showed an overall 9% reduction in the priming of a tobacco choice response compared to branded tobacco packs.
conclusionsPlain packaging may reduce smoking in current smokers by degrading cue-elicited tobacco-seeking.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.