ReviewSports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.)2014
The impact of triathlon training and racing on athletes' general health.
Review in Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.), 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Injury and illness in short-course triathletes: A systematic review.Journal of sport and health science · 2024Pooled it
- Development of Wearable Heatstroke Warning System (HeatGuard): Design, Validation and Controlled-Environment Testing Among Triathletes.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Dose-response to endurance training: a longitudinal study of training load and biomarkers in elite triathletes.Frontiers in physiology · 2026Article
- Prevalence and predictive factors of musculoskeletal injuries in triathletes: a cross-sectional study.BMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation · 2025Article
- Review
- The association of origin and environmental conditions with performance in professional IRONMAN triathletes.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- The Role of Psychological Factors and Resilience in Mediating Sports Passion in Triathletes.European journal of investigation in health, psychology and education · 2024Article
- How Do Age-Group Triathlon Coaches Manage Training Load? A Pilot Study.Sports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Europe has the fastest Ironman race courses and the fastest Ironman age group triathletes.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Applying a Holistic Injury Prevention Approach to Elite Triathletes.Sports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Prevalence of dietary supplement use among male Brazilian recreational triathletes: a cross-sectional study.BMC research notes · 2024Article
- Work, Training and Life Stress in ITU World Olympic Distance Age-Group Championship Triathletes.Sports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Impacts of different triathlon races on systemic cytokine profile and metabolic parameters in healthy individuals: a systematic review.BMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation · 2023Article
- Ultra culture-ultra reality: a content analysis of YouTube depictions of ultra endurance sport and comparisons to scientific literature.Frontiers in sports and active living · 2023Article
- Injuries in Medium to Long-Distance Triathlon: A Retrospective Analysis of Medical Conditions Treated in Three Editions of the Ironman Competition.Journal of sports science & medicine · 2022Article
- Discovering the sluggishness of triathlon running - using the attractor method to quantify the impact of the bike-run transition.Frontiers in sports and active living · 2022Article
- Mood profiles of amateur triathletes: Implications for mental health and performance.Frontiers in psychology · 2022Article
- The Training Characteristics of Recreational-Level Triathletes: Influence on Fatigue and Health.Sports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Psychological Status During and After the Preparation of a Long-distance Triathlon Event in Amateur Athletes.International journal of exercise science · 2021Article
- Acute Effects of Triathlon Race on Oxidative Stress Biomarkers.Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Although the sport of triathlon provides an opportunity to research the effect of multi-disciplinary exercise on health across the lifespan, much remains to be done. The literature has failed to consistently or adequately report subject age group, sex, ability level, and/or event-distance specialization. The demands of training and racing are relatively unquantified. Multiple definitions and reporting methods for injury and illness have been implemented. In general, risk factors for maladaptation have not been well-described. The data thus far collected indicate that the sport of triathlon is relatively safe for the well-prepared, well-supplied athlete. Most injuries 'causing cessation or reduction of training or seeking of medical aid' are not serious. However, as the extent to which they recur may be high and is undocumented, injury outcome is unclear. The sudden death rate for competition is 1.5 (0.9-2.5) [mostly swim-related] occurrences for every 100,000 participations. The sudden death rate is unknown for training, although stroke risk may be increased, in the long-term, in genetically susceptible athletes. During heavy training and up to 5 days post-competition, host protection against pathogens may also be compromised. The incidence of illness seems low, but its outcome is unclear. More prospective investigation of the immunological, oxidative stress-related and cardiovascular effects of triathlon training and competition is warranted. Training diaries may prove to be a promising method of monitoring negative adaptation and its potential risk factors. More longitudinal, medical-tent-based studies of the aetiology and treatment demands of race-related injury and illness are needed.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.