ArticlePancreas2014
Risk factors for pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors: a clinic-based case-control study.
Article in Pancreas, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 49 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
49 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 72 citations in OpenAlex.
- Metformin and pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors: A systematic review and meta-analysis.World journal of gastroenterology · 2024Pooled it
- Metabolism of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors: what can omics tell us?Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Pooled it
- Risk Factors for Sporadic Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors: A Case-Control Study.Scientific reports · 2016Trial
- Genetically determined ABO blood group, secretor status, Lewis antigens, and panNEN risk.Endocrine-related cancer · 2026Article
- Comparative risk factors among pancreatic adenocarcinoma patients vs. neuroendocrine and other pancreatic cancer patients.Cancer causes & control : CCC · 2026Article
- Controversies in NEN: An ENETS position statement on nutritional support in neuroendocrine neoplasms.Journal of neuroendocrinology · 2025Review
- Incretins and SGLT-2 inhibitors in diabetic patients with neuroendocrine tumors: current updates and future directions.Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders · 2025Review
- Risk Factors Associated with Gastroenteropancreatic and Lung Neuroendocrine Tumors: A Nested Case-Control Study from the All of Us Research Program.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2025Article
- Association of modifiable risk factors and telomere length with five neuroendocrine neoplasms: a bidirectional Mendelian randomization study.Discover oncology · 2025Article
- Discordant risk factors between pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.Endocrine-related cancer · 2025Article
- Nutritional status and gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms: lights and shadows with a clinical guide from the NIKE Group.Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders · 2025Review
- Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors-Diagnostic Pitfalls of Non-Diabetic Severe Hypoglycemia: Literature Review and Case Report.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Incidence and risk factors for insulinoma diagnosed in dogs under primary veterinary care in the UK.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Epidemiology of Neuroendocrine Neoplasia Worldwide: A Review of the Literature (2012-2022).Neuroendocrinology · 2025Review
- Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor with solitary splenic metastasis and synchronous renal cell carcinoma: A rare case report.Radiology case reports · 2024Article
- Article
- Dysglycemia in non-functioning pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (NF-PNET): Further insights into an under recognized entity.Journal of clinical & translational endocrinology · 2023Article
- Analyses of sex-based clinicopathological differences among patients with gastrointestinal neuroendocrine neoplasms in Europe.Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology · 2023Article
- Assessment of the Role of Leptin and Adiponectinas Biomarkers in Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Neoplasms.Cancers · 2023Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesPancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNETs) are uncommon, and little is known about their risk factors and association with other cancers. We evaluated whether the following risk factors known to be associated with pancreatic adenocarcinoma are also associated with PNETs: smoking, alcohol use, family history of PNET, and other cancers, and personal history of diabetes as potential risk factors.
methodsPatients with PNETs seen at Mayo Clinic Rochester between 2000 and 2011 were compared with controls seen for a general medical evaluation. Patients and controls completed the same questionnaires. After excluding insulinoma and high-grade PNETs, 355 cases were evaluated, and 309 were matched to 602 controls (2:1) on age, sex, and region of residence.
resultsPersonal smoking history was not associated with PNETs. Alcohol use was less common among cases (54% vs 67%, P < 0.001). Cases were more likely to report a family member with sarcoma (P = 0.02), PNET (P = 0.02), gallbladder cancer (P = 0.02), ovarian cancer (P = 0.04), and gastric cancer (P = 0.01). There was no association with other cancers in family members. Diabetes was more commonly reported by cases than controls (19% vs 11%, P < 0.001).
conclusionsWith the exception of diabetes, risk factors that are associated with pancreatic adenocarcinoma are not risk factors for PNETs.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.