ArticleThe Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy2015
In vitro interactions between farnesol and fluconazole, amphotericin B or micafungin against Candida albicans biofilms.
Article in The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed, 107 citations in OpenAlex.
- Antimicrobial 3D printed implants for periprosthetic joint infections.Drug delivery and translational research · 2026Article
- Farnesol, the farnesol pathway, and the immune-gut-brain axis.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Natural product based approaches to overcomeFrontiers in antibiotics · 2026Review
- The effects of tyrosol on yeasts: an overview of current knowledge.Applied microbiology and biotechnology · 2025Review
- Drug Clues for the Treatment of Fungal Catheter-Related Bloodstream Infection With Antifungal Lock Therapy.Drug design, development and therapy · 2025Review
- Antifungal Effect of Poly(methyl methacrylate) with Farnesol and Undecylenic Acid againstMaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Physiological adventures inMicrobiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR · 2024Review
- Synergistic Effect of Plant Compounds in Combination with Conventional Antimicrobials against Biofilm ofPharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Combination of Farnesol with Common Antifungal Drugs: Inhibitory Effect againstMedicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2023Article
- Farnesol as an antifungal agent: comparisons amongFrontiers in physiology · 2023Article
- Farnesol Boosts the Antifungal Effect of Fluconazole and Modulates Resistance inJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Transcriptional Profiling of the Candida auris Response to Exogenous Farnesol Exposure.mSphere · 2021Article
- Article
- In vitro antibiofilm efficacy of farnesol against Candida species.International microbiology : the official journal of the Spanish Society for Microbiology · 2021Article
- Intestinal mycobiota in health and diseases: from a disrupted equilibrium to clinical opportunities.Microbiome · 2021Review
- Cotreatment with Aspirin and Azole Drugs Increases Sensitivity ofInfection and drug resistance · 2021Article
- Bacterial Quorum-Sensing Molecules as Promising Natural Inhibitors ofFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2021Article
- A Screen for Small Molecules to TargetJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
- Combination Therapy to Treat Fungal Biofilm-Based Infections.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Review
- Echinocandins as Biotechnological Tools for TreatingJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesBiofilm formation by Candida albicans poses an important therapeutic challenge in human diseases. Typically, conventional antifungal agents encounter difficulty in treating and fully eradicating biofilm-related infections. Novel therapeutic approaches are needed to treat recalcitrant Candida biofilms. Farnesol is a quorum-sensing molecule, which induces apoptosis, inhibits Ras protein pathways and profoundly affects the morphogenesis of C. albicans. We therefore investigated the interactions between farnesol and different classes of antifungal agents.
methodsThe combined antifungal effects of triazoles (fluconazole), polyenes (amphotericin B) and echinocandins (micafungin) with farnesol against C. albicans biofilms were assessed in vitro. Antifungal activity was determined by the XTT metabolic assay and confocal microscopy. The nature and the intensity of the interactions were assessed using the Loewe additivity model [fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) index] and the Bliss independence (BI) model.
resultsSignificant synergy was found between each of the three antifungal agents and farnesol, while antagonism was not observed for any of the combinations tested. The greatest synergistic effect was found with the farnesol/micafungin combination, for which the BI-based model showed the observed effects as being 39%-52% higher than expected if the drugs had been acting independently. The FIC indices ranged from 0.49 to 0.79, indicating synergism for farnesol/micafungin and farnesol/fluconazole and no interaction for farnesol/amphotericin B. Structural changes in the biofilm correlated well with the efficacies of these combinations. The maximum combined effect was dependent on the farnesol concentration for micafungin and amphotericin B.
conclusionsFarnesol exerts a synergistic or additive interaction with micafungin, fluconazole and amphotericin B against C. albicans biofilms, thus warranting further in vivo study.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.