Trial reportDiabetes2015
Intranasal insulin suppresses endogenous glucose production in humans compared with placebo in the presence of similar venous insulin concentrations.
Trial report in Diabetes, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 52 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
52 citing papers in PubMed, 107 citations in OpenAlex.
- Appetite Perception and Cerebral Blood Flow in Aging Adults Following a Single Bout of Exercise.Nutrients · 2026Trial
- Daily intranasal insulin at 40IU does not affect food intake and body composition: A placebo-controlled trial in older adults over a 24-week period with 24-weeks of follow-up.Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland) · 2023Trial
- Exercise restores brain insulin sensitivity in sedentary adults who are overweight and obese.JCI insight · 2022Trial
- Empagliflozin Improves Insulin Sensitivity of the Hypothalamus in Humans With Prediabetes: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Phase 2 Trial.Diabetes care · 2022Trial
- The role of insulin sensitivity and intranasally applied insulin on olfactory perception.Scientific reports · 2019Trial
- Brain glucose uptake is associated with endogenous glucose production in obese patients before and after bariatric surgery and predicts metabolic outcome at follow-up.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2019Trial
- Intranasal insulin enhances brain functional connectivity mediating the relationship between adiposity and subjective feeling of hunger.Scientific reports · 2017Trial
- Trial
- The autonomic nervous system in the regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism.Nature reviews. Endocrinology · 2026Review
- Effects of antipsychotics on brain insulin action in females: Study protocol for a placebo-controlled, crossover neuroimaging study.PloS one · 2026Article
- Why do some individuals with obesity remain metabolically healthy?Trends in endocrinology and metabolism: TEM · 2025Article
- To Explore Nasal-Brain Lymphatic System for Brain-Targeted Drug Delivery and to Treat Neurodegenerative Diseases.Central nervous system agents in medicinal chemistry · 2025Review
- Regulation of Energy and Glucose Homeostasis by the Nucleus of the Solitary Tract and the Area Postrema.Endocrinology and metabolism (Seoul, Korea) · 2024Review
- Insulin resistance as the molecular link between diabetes and Alzheimer's disease.World journal of diabetes · 2024Review
- The insulin resistant brain: impact on whole-body metabolism and body fat distribution.Diabetologia · 2024Review
- The combination treatment of hypothermia and intranasal insulin ameliorates the structural and functional changes in a rat model of traumatic brain injury.Brain structure & function · 2024Article
- Article
- Central insulin dysregulation in antipsychotic-naïve first-episode psychosis: In silico exploration of gene expression signatures.Psychiatry research · 2024Article
- Brain insulin action on peripheral insulin sensitivity in women depends on menstrual cycle phase.Nature metabolism · 2023Article
- Exploring the role of ketone bodies in the diagnosis and treatment of psychiatric disorders.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Intranasal insulin (INI) has been shown to modulate food intake and food-related activity in the central nervous system in humans. Because INI increases insulin concentration in the cerebrospinal fluid, these effects have been postulated to be mediated via insulin action in the brain, although peripheral effects of insulin cannot be excluded. INI has been shown to lower plasma glucose in some studies, but whether it regulates endogenous glucose production (EGP) is not known. To assess the role of INI in the regulation of EGP, eight healthy men were studied in a single-blind, crossover study with two randomized visits (one with 40 IU INI and the other with intranasal placebo [INP] administration) 4 weeks apart. EGP was assessed under conditions of an arterial pancreatic clamp, with a primed, constant infusion of deuterated glucose and infusion of 20% dextrose as required to maintain euglycemia. Between 180 and 360 min after administration, INI significantly suppressed EGP by 35.6% compared with INP, despite similar venous insulin concentrations. In conclusion, INI lowers EGP in humans compared with INP, despite similar venous insulin concentrations. INI may therefore be of value in treating excess liver glucose production in diabetes.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.