Trial reportBMC neurology2014
GAME (Goals - Activity - Motor Enrichment): protocol of a single blind randomised controlled trial of motor training, parent education and environmental enrichment for infants at high risk of cerebral palsy.
Trial report in BMC neurology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 94 citations in OpenAlex.
- Parent-Infant Interaction during the First Year of Life in Infants at High Risk for Cerebral Palsy: A Systematic Review of the Literature.Neural plasticity · 2019Pooled it
- Effects of SAFE Early Intervention Approach in the First Months of Life in Infants at Risk: A Randomized Controlled Study.Child: care, health and development · 2025Trial
- Parent-Guided Developmental Intervention for Infants With Very Low Birth Weight: A Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA network open · 2024Trial
- Short-term effects of SAFE early intervention approach in infants born preterm: A randomized controlled single-blinded study.Brain and behavior · 2023Trial
- Optimising motor learning in infants at high risk of cerebral palsy: a pilot study.BMC pediatrics · 2015Trial
- Effects of Safe Early Intervention Approach: A 3-Year Follow-Up.Brain and behavior · 2026Article
- Article
- The Voice of Families: Perceptions of Family-Centred Practices and Natural Environments in Early Intervention in Spain.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Defining Goal-Directed Training for Children with Cerebral Palsy: A Scoping Review and Framework for Implementation.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Association between the motor optimality score-revised and clinical variables of preterm infants.BMC pediatrics · 2025Article
- Effects of the HEP® (Homeostasis-Enrichment-Plasticity) Approach in preterm infants with increased developmental risk: a randomized controlled study.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2025Article
- Upper Limb Therapy for Infants and Young Children with Unilateral Cerebral Palsy: A Clinical Framework.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
- Factors influencing caregiver buy-in to early intervention physical therapy.Journal of pediatric rehabilitation medicine · 2024Article
- Cerebral Palsy - Early Diagnosis and Intervention Trial: protocol for the prospective multicentre CP-EDIT study with focus on diagnosis, prognostic factors, and intervention.BMC pediatrics · 2023Article
- Embedding Play to Enrich Physical Therapy.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Article
- Article
- Article
- "A Different Ride": A Qualitative Interview Study of Parents' Experience with Early Diagnosis and Goals, Activity, Motor Enrichment (GAME) Intervention for Infants with Cerebral Palsy.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundCerebral palsy is the most common physical disability of childhood and early detection is possible using evidence based assessments. Systematic reviews indicate early intervention trials rarely demonstrate efficacy for improving motor outcomes but environmental enrichment interventions appear promising. This study is built on a previous pilot study and has been designed to assess the effectiveness of a goal - oriented motor training and enrichment intervention programme, "GAME", on the motor outcomes of infants at very high risk of cerebral palsy (CP) compared with standard community based care. METHODS/
designA two group, single blind randomised controlled trial (n = 30) will be conducted. Eligible infants are those diagnosed with CP or designated "at high risk of CP" on the basis of the General Movements Assessment and/or abnormal neuroimaging. A physiotherapist and occupational therapist will deliver home-based GAME intervention at least fortnightly until the infant's first birthday. The intervention aims to optimize motor function and engage parents in developmental activities aimed at enriching the home learning environment. Primary endpoint measures will be taken 16 weeks after intervention commences with the secondary endpoint at 12 months and 24 months corrected age. The primary outcome measure will be the Peabody Developmental Motor Scale second edition. Secondary outcomes measures include the Gross Motor Function Measure, Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, Affordances in the Home Environment for Motor Development - Infant Scale, and the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure. Parent well-being will be monitored using the Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale. DISCUSSION: This paper presents the background, design and intervention protocol of a randomised trial of a goal driven, motor learning approach with customised environmental interventions and parental education for young infants at high risk of cerebral palsy.
trial registrationThis trial is registered on the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trial register: ACTRN12611000572965.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.