Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25287761›Full record

ReviewNutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.)2015

Dietary carbohydrate restriction as the first approach in diabetes management: critical review and evidence base.

Richard D Feinman, Wendy K Pogozelski, Arne Astrup, Richard K Bernstein, Eugene J Fine, Eric C Westman, Anthony Accurso, Lynda Frassetto, Barbara A Gower, Samy I McFarlane and 16 more

Erratum issued Registry-linked trialOpen access · hybridAbstract readReview
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.), 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. It is linked to trial NCT06242548 (How Type I Diabetes Responds to Different Diets), which is not on this map. Cited by 379 papers, 14 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
379citing papers in PubMed, 14 pooled it
27.8field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT06242548 nacompletednot on this mapstarted 2023, after this paper: background citation

How Type I Diabetes Responds to Different Diets (Normoglucidic or Ketogenic) During Physical Activity at Altitude

TypeinterventionalSponsorCentre Hospitalier Metropole SavoieRan2023 to 2023Enrolled5ConditionsDiet Habit, Type I Diabetes, Activity, Motor, ControlArmsphysical activity outings in the mountains at a level already practised by the subjects, while maintaining their usual diet (normoglucidic or ketogenic)
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

379 citing papers in PubMed, 14 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 905 citations in OpenAlex.

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  13. American Association of Clinical Endocrinology Clinical Practice Guideline: Developing a Diabetes Mellitus Comprehensive Care Plan-2022 Update.Endocrine practice : official journal of the American College of Endocrinology and the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists · 2022
    Guideline
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319 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

26 authors at 14 institutions in 3 countries.

Richard D FeinmanDepartment of Cell Biology, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York, USA. Electronic address: richard.feinman@downstate.edu.
Wendy K PogozelskiDepartment of Chemistry, State University of New York Geneseo, Geneseo, NY, USA.
Arne AstrupDepartment of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Copenhagen University, Denmark.
Richard K BernsteinNew York Diabetes Center, Mamaroneck, NY, USA.
Eugene J FineDepartment of Radiology (Nuclear Medicine), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA.
Eric C WestmanDuke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
Anthony AccursoDepartment of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Lynda FrassettoDepartment of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Barbara A GowerDepartment of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.
Samy I McFarlaneDepartments of Medicine and Endocrinology, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA.
Jörgen Vesti NielsenKarlshamn, Sweden.
Thure KrarupDepartment of Endocrinology I, Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Laura SaslowUniversity of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Karl S RothDepartment of Pediatrics, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, USA.
Mary C VernonPrivate Practice, Lawrence, KS, USA.
Jeff S VolekDepartment of Human Sciences (Kinesiology Program) Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
Gilbert B WilshireMid-Missouri Reproductive Medicine and Surgery, Columbia, MO, USA.
Annika DahlqvistHälsocentralen Centrum, Sundsvall, Sweden.
Ralf SundbergPrivate Practice, Malmö, Sweden.
Ann ChildersPrivate Practice, Lake Oswego, OR, USA.
Katharine MorrisonBallochmyle Medical Group, Mauchline, East Ayrshire, Scotland, UK.
Anssi H ManninenMetabolia Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
Hussain M DashtiFaculty of medicine, Department of Surgery, Kuwait university, Kuwait.
Richard J WoodSpringfield College, Springfield, MA, USA.
Jay WortmanFirst Nations Division, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
Nicolai WormGerman University for Prevention and Health Care Management, Saarbrücken, Germany.
University of California, San Francisco · USAlbert Einstein College of Medicine · USBispebjerg Hospital · DKCreighton University · USDuke Medical Center · USJohns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center · USKuwait University · KWSpringfield College · USState University of New York · USSUNY Downstate Health Sciences University · USSUNY Geneseo · USThe Ohio State University · USUniversity of Alabama at Birmingham · USUniversity of Copenhagen · DK

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The inability of current recommendations to control the epidemic of diabetes, the specific failure of the prevailing low-fat diets to improve obesity, cardiovascular risk, or general health and the persistent reports of some serious side effects of commonly prescribed diabetic medications, in combination with the continued success of low-carbohydrate diets in the treatment of diabetes and metabolic syndrome without significant side effects, point to the need for a reappraisal of dietary guidelines. The benefits of carbohydrate restriction in diabetes are immediate and well documented. Concerns about the efficacy and safety are long term and conjectural rather than data driven. Dietary carbohydrate restriction reliably reduces high blood glucose, does not require weight loss (although is still best for weight loss), and leads to the reduction or elimination of medication. It has never shown side effects comparable with those seen in many drugs. Here we present 12 points of evidence supporting the use of low-carbohydrate diets as the first approach to treating type 2 diabetes and as the most effective adjunct to pharmacology in type 1. They represent the best-documented, least controversial results. The insistence on long-term randomized controlled trials as the only kind of data that will be accepted is without precedent in science. The seriousness of diabetes requires that we evaluate all of the evidence that is available. The 12 points are sufficiently compelling that we feel that the burden of proof rests with those who are opposed.

Indexed as

Diet, Carbohydrate-RestrictedBlood GlucoseDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2Dietary CarbohydratesDisease ManagementEvidence-Based MedicineHumansHyperglycemiaRandomized Controlled Trials as TopicWeight LossBlood GlucoseDietary CarbohydratesCarbohydrateDiabetesHemoblobin A(1c)Ketogenic dietLow-carbohydrate dietTriglyceride

Identifiers

PMID25287761
OpenAlexW2115575518

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.