ArticleDiabetologia2015
Metabolic response to 36 hours of fasting in young men born small vs appropriate for gestational age.
Article in Diabetologia, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 20 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 32 citations in OpenAlex.
- Duration-dependent effects of water-only fasting on blood lipids: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and threshold meta-regression.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Pooled it
- Reduced adaptive thermogenesis during acute protein-imbalanced overfeeding is a metabolic hallmark of the human thrifty phenotype.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2021Trial
- Impact of prolonged fasting on insulin secretion, insulin action, and hepatic versus whole body insulin secretion disposition indices in healthy young males.American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism · 2021Trial
- Disproportionately increased 24-h energy expenditure and fat oxidation in young men with low birth weight during a high-fat overfeeding challenge.European journal of nutrition · 2016Trial
- Epigenetic mediators of diet and lifestyle and insulin resistance.Genes & nutrition · 2026Article
- The Influence of Energy Balance and Availability on Resting Metabolic Rate: Implications for Assessment and Future Research Directions.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2023Review
- Epigenetics of type 2 diabetes mellitus and weight change - a tool for precision medicine?Nature reviews. Endocrinology · 2022Review
- Article
- PPARGC1A Gene Promoter Methylation as a Biomarker of Insulin Secretion and Sensitivity in Response to Glucose Challenges.Nutrients · 2020Article
- Fasting unmasks differential fat and muscle transcriptional regulation of metabolic gene sets in low versus normal birth weight men.EBioMedicine · 2019Article
- Nutritional Factors, DNA Methylation, and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes and Obesity: Perspectives and Challenges.International journal of molecular sciences · 2019Review
- Epigenetics in Human Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes.Cell metabolism · 2019Review
- Fetal over- and undernutrition differentially program thyroid axis adaptability in adult sheep.Endocrine connections · 2018Article
- NScientific reports · 2018Article
- 36 h fasting of young men influences adipose tissue DNA methylation ofClinical epigenetics · 2017Article
- Epigenetic programming of adipose-derived stem cells in low birthweight individuals.Diabetologia · 2016Article
- Article
- Article
- Neurological and Epigenetic Implications of Nutritional Deficiencies on Psychopathology: Conceptualization and Review of Evidence.International journal of molecular sciences · 2015Review
- The potential use of DNA methylation biomarkers to identify risk and progression of type 2 diabetes.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2015Review
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
10 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
aims/hypothesisBeing born small for gestational age (SGA) is associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes in an affluent society, but could confer an improved chance of survival during sparse living conditions. We studied whether insulin action and other metabolic responses to prolonged fasting differed between 21 young adults born SGA and 18 matched controls born appropriate for gestational age (AGA).
methodsA frequently sampled IVGTT and indirect calorimetry measurements were performed after a 36 h fast. Endogenous glucose production, insulin sensitivity (SI), first-phase insulin secretion and glucose effectiveness were estimated by stable isotope tracer techniques and minimal modelling. Muscle and fat biopsies were obtained after 35 h of fasting.
resultsDuring fasting, SGA individuals experienced a more pronounced decrease in serum insulin and lower plasma triacylglycerol levels compared with AGA individuals. In addition, energy expenditure decreased in SGA but increased in AGA individuals. After fasting, SGA individuals displayed lower fat oxidation than AGA individuals. SG was reduced in SGA compared with AGA individuals, whereas hepatic or whole body insulin action (SI) did not differ between groups. SGA individuals had increased muscle PPARGC1A DNA methylation. We found no differences in adipose tissue PPARGC1A DNA methylation, muscle and adipose tissue PPARGC1A mRNA expression, or muscle glycogen levels between the groups.
conclusionCompared with AGA individuals, SGA individuals displayed a more energy-conserving and potentially beneficial [corrected] cardiometabolic response to 36 h fasting. The role of increased muscle PPARGC1A DNA methylation in mediating this response requires further study.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.