ArticlePloS one2014
Intimate injection partnerships are at elevated risk of high-risk injecting: a multi-level longitudinal study of HCV-serodiscordant injection partnerships in San Francisco, CA.
Article in PloS one, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07631559 (Pilot Study of an Adapted Partner Navigation Intervention Booster Session for Sustained Healthcare Engagement Among People Who Inject Drugs), which is not on this map. Cited by 35 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Pilot Study of an Adapted Partner Navigation Intervention Booster Session for Sustained Healthcare Engagement Among People Who Inject Drugs
Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Prevalence and high risk behaviours associated with HCV testing among people who inject drugs: a systematic review and Meta-analysis.Substance abuse treatment, prevention, and policy · 2020Pooled it
- Higher incidence of HCV in females compared to males who inject drugs: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of viral hepatitis · 2017Pooled it
- Smartphone application plus brief motivational intervention reduces substance use and sexual risk behaviors among homeless young adults: Results from a randomized controlled trial.Psychology of addictive behaviors : journal of the Society of Psychologists in Addictive Behaviors · 2020Trial
- Trial
- Potential Impact of Frequent Testing for Hepatitis C Virus Among People Who Inject Drugs Toward Hepatitis C Elimination in the United States.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2026Article
- Genomic surveillance uncovers regional variation in HCV transmission networks in rural United States.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Health and Economic Impact of Periodic Hepatitis C Virus Testing Among People Who Inject Drugs.JAMA health forum · 2025Article
- Getting to full disclosure: HCV testing and status disclosure behaviors among PWID and their injecting partners.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Widespread hepatitis C virus transmission network among people who inject drugs in Kenya.International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases · 2024Article
- Injection partnership characteristics and HCV status associations with syringe and equipment sharing among people who inject drugs.BMC public health · 2023Article
- Network Correlates of Using a Syringe After an Injection Partner Among Women Who Inject Drugs in Philadelphia Pennsylvania.AIDS and behavior · 2023Article
- Association Between Dual Partnership and Sexual and Injecting Behaviors Among Persons Who Inject Drugs in 23 US Cities, 2018.Archives of sexual behavior · 2022Article
- Identification of Genetically Related HCV Infections Among Self-Described Injecting Partnerships.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2022Article
- Article
- Social network predictors of recent and sustained injection drug use cessation: findings from a longitudinal cohort study.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2021Article
- A review of network simulation models of hepatitis C virus and HIV among people who inject drugs.The International journal on drug policy · 2021Review
- Factors associated with phylogenetic clustering of hepatitis C among people who inject drugs in Baltimore.BMC infectious diseases · 2020Article
- Article
- Quantifying the risk of undetected HIV, hepatitis B virus, or hepatitis C virus infection in Public Health Service increased risk donors.American journal of transplantation : official journal of the American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons · 2019Article
- Association of Injection Practices and Overdose With Drug Use Typologies: A Latent Class Analysis Among People Who Inject Drugs in Baltimore, 2017.AIDS education and prevention : official publication of the International Society for AIDS Education · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundIt is increasingly recognized that the risk for HIV and hepatitis C (HCV) transmission among people who inject drugs (PWID), such as syringe sharing, occurs in the context of relationships between (at least) two people. Evidence suggests that the risk associated with injection behavior varies with injection partner types.
methodsWe utilized longitudinal dyad-level data from a study of young PWID from San Francisco (2006 to 2013) to investigate the relationship-level factors influencing high-risk injecting within HCV-serodiscordant injection partners (i.e., individuals who injected together ≥5 times in the prior month). Utilizing data from 70 HCV-serodiscordant injection partnerships, we used generalized linear models to examine relationship-level predictors (i.e., partnership composition, partnership closeness, and partnership dynamics) of: (1) receptive syringe sharing (RSS); and (2) receptive cooker use (RCU), as reported by the HCV-negative injection partner.
resultsAs reported by the "at-risk" HCV-negative injection partner, receptive syringe sharing (RSS) and receptive cooker use (RCU) were 19% and 33% at enrollment, and 11% and 12% over all visits (total follow-up time 55 person-years) resulting in 13 new HCV-infections (incidence rate: 23.8/100 person-years). Person-level factors, injection partnership composition, and partnership dynamics were not significantly associated with either RSS or RCU. Instead, intimate injection partnerships (those who lived together and were also in a sexual relationship) were independently associated with a 5-times greater risk of both RSS and a 7-times greater risk of RCU when compared to injecting only partnerships.
conclusionOur findings suggest a positive, and amplified effect of relationship factors on injecting drug risk behaviors among young PWID injection partnerships. The majority of interventions to reduce injection drug use related harms focus on individual-based education to increase drug use knowledge. Our findings support the need to expand harm reduction strategies to relationship-based messaging and interventions.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.