ArticlePloS one2014
The interrelationship between promoter strength, gene expression, and growth rate.
Article in PloS one, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed.
- Host-aware Identification of Intrinsic Gene Expression Biopart Parameters using Combinatorial Libraries.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Improving autotrophic D-lactate production by heterologous expression of a pyruvate formate lyase in an LDHD-expressing Acetobacterium woodii strain.Applied microbiology and biotechnology · 2026Article
- Evaluating the scientific and regulatory case for the deployment of the radioresistant genusFrontiers in microbiology · 2026Review
- Development of a semi-endogenous PRT-based expression system for Methylotuvimicrobium alcaliphilum and its application to enhance 3-hydroxybutyric acid production from methanol.Journal of biological engineering · 2025Review
- Plasmid pPNptGreen Expression of Green Fluorescent Protein in Pseudomonas chlororaphis Strain S1Bt23 Abrogates Biocontrol Activity Against Pythium ultimum.Environmental microbiology reports · 2025Article
- Fine-Tuning Genetic Circuits via Host Context and RBS Modulation.ACS synthetic biology · 2025Article
- Vibrio natriegens: Application of a Fast-Growing Halophilic Bacterium.Advances in biochemical engineering/biotechnology · 2025Review
- Sensitivities in protein allocation models reveal distribution of metabolic capacity and flux control.Bioinformatics (Oxford, England) · 2024Article
- Optimization of electroporation method and promoter evaluation for type-1 methanotroph,Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2024Article
- Feedforward growth rate control mitigates gene activation burden.Nature communications · 2022Article
- Toward improved terpenoids biosynthesis: strategies to enhance the capabilities of cell factories.Bioresources and bioprocessing · 2022Review
- RBS and Promoter Strengths Determine the Cell-Growth-Dependent Protein Mass Fractions and Their Optimal Synthesis Rates.ACS synthetic biology · 2021Article
- Promoter Architecture Differences amongmSystems · 2021Article
- Proteome Regulation Patterns Determine Escherichia coli Wild-Type and Mutant Phenotypes.mSystems · 2021Article
- The Effect of Promoter and RBS Combination on the Growth and Glycogen Productivity of Sodium-Dependent Bicarbonate Transporter (SbtA) OverexpressingFrontiers in microbiology · 2021Article
- Microbial Production of Retinyl Palmitate and Its Application as a Cosmeceutical.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
- A quantitative method for proteome reallocation using minimal regulatory interventions.Nature chemical biology · 2020Article
- Implication of in vivo circulating fibrocytes ablation in experimental pulmonary hypertension murine model.British journal of pharmacology · 2020Article
- Flux, toxicity, and expression costs generate complex genetic interactions in a metabolic pathway.Science advances · 2020Article
- FeedER: a feedback-regulated enzyme-based slow-release system for fed-batch cultivation in microtiter plates.Bioprocess and biosystems engineering · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In exponentially growing bacteria, expression of heterologous protein impedes cellular growth rates. Quantitative understanding of the relationship between expression and growth rate will advance our ability to forward engineer bacteria, important for metabolic engineering and synthetic biology applications. Recently, a work described a scaling model based on optimal allocation of ribosomes for protein translation. This model quantitatively predicts a linear relationship between microbial growth rate and heterologous protein expression with no free parameters. With the aim of validating this model, we have rigorously quantified the fitness cost of gene expression by using a library of synthetic constitutive promoters to drive expression of two separate proteins (eGFP and amiE) in E. coli in different strains and growth media. In all cases, we demonstrate that the fitness cost is consistent with the previous findings. We expand upon the previous theory by introducing a simple promoter activity model to quantitatively predict how basal promoter strength relates to growth rate and protein expression. We then estimate the amount of protein expression needed to support high flux through a heterologous metabolic pathway and predict the sizable fitness cost associated with enzyme production. This work has broad implications across applied biological sciences because it allows for prediction of the interplay between promoter strength, protein expression, and the resulting cost to microbial growth rates.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.