Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25285424›Full record

ArticleExperimental eye research2014

Experimental scleral cross-linking increases glaucoma damage in a mouse model.

Elizabeth C Kimball, Cathy Nguyen, Matthew R Steinhart, Thao D Nguyen, Mary E Pease, Ericka N Oglesby, Brian C Oveson, Harry A Quigley

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Experimental eye research, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 63 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
63citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
6.0field-weighted citation impact, top 4% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

63 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 90 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Trial
  3. Biomechanical Modification of the Sclera: An Ex Vivo Study on Porcine Eyes.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026
    Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Crosslinking of tarsal collagen as a hypothetical therapy for dry eye disease.Medical hypothesis, discovery & innovation ophthalmology journal · 2025
    Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Management of experimental trabeculectomy filtering blebs via crosslinking of the scleral flap inhibited vascularization.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2024
    Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Ocular Biomechanics and Glaucoma.Vision (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023
    Review
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Review
  20. Article

3 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Elizabeth C KimballGlaucoma Center of Excellence, Wilmer Ophthalmological Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA. Electronic address: fcone1@jhmi.edu.
Cathy NguyenGlaucoma Center of Excellence, Wilmer Ophthalmological Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Matthew R SteinhartGlaucoma Center of Excellence, Wilmer Ophthalmological Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Thao D NguyenThe Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Mary E PeaseGlaucoma Center of Excellence, Wilmer Ophthalmological Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Ericka N OglesbyGlaucoma Center of Excellence, Wilmer Ophthalmological Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Brian C OvesonGlaucoma Center of Excellence, Wilmer Ophthalmological Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Harry A QuigleyGlaucoma Center of Excellence, Wilmer Ophthalmological Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Johns Hopkins University · US

Funding

Wilmer Core Grant for Vision ResearchP30EY001765 · NEI · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI Jiang Qian · 1985 to 2026
$22.1M
PATHOGENESIS OF GLAUCOMATOUS OPTIC NERVE DAMAGER01EY002120 · NEI · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI QUIGLEY, HARRY ALAN · 1985 to 2025
$12.6M
The Biomechanics of the Human Posterior Sclera: Effects of Age, Sex, and GlaucomaR01EY021500 · NEI · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI NGUYEN, THAO D · 2011 to 2016
$933k
Pathogenesis of Glaucomatous Optic Nerve DamageR56EY002120 · NEI · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI QUIGLEY, HARRY ALAN · 2008 to 2008
$369k
NEI NIH HHS EY 01765NEI NIH HHS EY 02120NEI NIH HHS EY021500NEI NIH HHS P30 EY001765NEI NIH HHS R01 EY002120NEI NIH HHS R01 EY021500NEI NIH HHS R56 EY002120
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of a scleral cross-linking agent on susceptibility to glaucoma damage in a mouse model.CD1 mice underwent 3 subconjunctival injections of 0.5 M glyceraldehyde (GA) in 1 week, then had elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) induced by bead injection. Degree of cross-linking was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), scleral permeability was measured by fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP), and the mechanical effects of GA exposure were measured by inflation testing. Control mice had buffer injection or no injection in 2 separate glaucoma experiments. IOP was monitored by Tonolab and retinal ganglion cell (RGC) loss was measured by histological axon counting. To rule out undesirable effects of GA, we performed electroretinography and detailed histology of the retina. GA exposure had no detectable effects on RGC number, retinal structure or function either histologically or electrophysiologically. GA increased cross-linking of sclera by 37% in an ELISA assay, decreased scleral permeability (FRAP, p = 0.001), and produced a steeper pressure-strain behavior by in vitro inflation testing. In two experimental glaucoma experiments, GA-treated eyes had greater RGC axon loss from elevated IOP than either buffer-injected or control eyes, controlling for level of IOP exposure over time (p = 0.01, and 0.049, multivariable regression analyses). This is the first report that experimental alteration of the sclera, by cross-linking, increases susceptibility to RGC damage in mice.

Indexed as

Disease Models, AnimalAnimalsAxonsCross-Linking ReagentsElasticityElectroretinographyEnzyme-Linked Immunosorbent AssayEye ProteinsFemaleGlaucomaGlycation End Products, AdvancedGlyceraldehydeIntraocular PressureMicePermeabilityRetinal Ganglion CellsCross-Linking ReagentsEye ProteinsGlycation End Products, AdvancedGlyceraldehydeCollagenCross-linkingExtracellular matrixGlaucomaGlyceraldehydeMouseRetinal ganglion cellSclera

Identifiers

PMID25285424
PMCPMC4254118
OpenAlexW2013068267

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.