Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25283994›Full record

ArticleNature cell biology2014

Stat3 controls cell death during mammary gland involution by regulating uptake of milk fat globules and lysosomal membrane permeabilization.

Timothy J Sargeant, Bethan Lloyd-Lewis, Henrike K Resemann, Antonio Ramos-Montoya, Jeremy Skepper, Christine J Watson

Open access · greenAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature cell biology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 100 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
100citing papers in PubMed
6.2field-weighted citation impact, top 3% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

100 citing papers in PubMed, 167 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Review
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Molecular Regulatory Mechanisms of Mammary Gland Development: A Review.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025
    Review
  8. Article
  9. Review
  10. Reproductive state controls transcription in the murine liver, with implications for breast cancer liver metastasis.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025
    Article
  11. Article
  12. Review
  13. Review
  14. Review
  15. Article
  16. Review
  17. Article
  18. Review
  19. Immune Cell Contribution to Mammary Gland Development.Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia · 2024
    Review
  20. Article

40 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Timothy J Sargeant *Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QP, UK.
Bethan Lloyd-Lewis *Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QP, UK.
Henrike K ResemannDepartment of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QP, UK.
Antonio Ramos-MontoyaUro-Oncology Research Group, CRUK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, CB2 0RE, UK.
Jeremy SkepperDepartment of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QP, UK.
Christine J WatsonDepartment of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QP, UK.
University of Cambridge · GB

Funding

Cancer Research UKMedical Research Council MR/J001023/1
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

We have previously demonstrated that Stat3 regulates lysosomal-mediated programmed cell death (LM-PCD) during mouse mammary gland involution in vivo. However, the mechanism that controls the release of lysosomal cathepsins to initiate cell death in this context has not been elucidated. We show here that Stat3 regulates the formation of large lysosomal vacuoles that contain triglyceride. Furthermore, we demonstrate that milk fat globules (MFGs) are toxic to epithelial cells and that, when applied to purified lysosomes, the MFG hydrolysate oleic acid potently induces lysosomal leakiness. Additionally, uptake of secreted MFGs coated in butyrophilin 1A1 is diminished in Stat3-ablated mammary glands and loss of the phagocytosis bridging molecule MFG-E8 results in reduced leakage of cathepsins in vivo. We propose that Stat3 regulates LM-PCD in mouse mammary gland by switching cellular function from secretion to uptake of MFGs. Thereafter, perturbation of lysosomal vesicle membranes by high levels of free fatty acids results in controlled leakage of cathepsins culminating in cell death.

Indexed as

AnimalsApoptosisBiological TransportCathepsinsCell DeathEpithelial CellsFemaleGlycolipidsGlycoproteinsLipid DropletsLysosomesMammary Glands, AnimalMice, Inbred C57BLMice, KnockoutMice, TransgenicPhagocytosisCathepsinsGlycolipidsGlycoproteinsmilk fat globuleStat3 protein, mouseSTAT3 Transcription Factor

Identifiers

PMID25283994
PMCPMC4216597
OpenAlexW2022167776

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.