ArticleJournal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines2015
Sex differences in ADHD symptom severity.
Article in Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 118 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
118 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder adult comorbidity: a systematic review.Systematic reviews · 2025Pooled it
- Sex differences in children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a literature review.Frontiers in child and adolescent psychiatry · 2025Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Cross-Study Differences in the Etiology of Reading Comprehension: a Meta-Analytical Review of Twin Studies.Behavior genetics · 2017Pooled it
- Is hyperactivity ubiquitous in ADHD or dependent on environmental demands? Evidence from meta-analysis.Clinical psychology review · 2016Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Processing Speed Predicts Behavioral Treatment Outcomes in Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Predominantly Inattentive Type.Journal of abnormal child psychology · 2018Trial
- Infant Habituation Task Performance Is Associated With Familial Risk for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder.JAACAP open · 2026Article
- Boys Score Higher Everywhere? Gender Differences in Parent-Reported ADHD Symptoms Across Age Groups and Four Countries.Child psychiatry and human development · 2026Article
- A Comprehensive Examination of Sex-Differentiated Correlates of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms in Late Childhood and Early Adolescence.Clinical psychological science : a journal of the Association for Psychological Science · 2026Article
- Individual differences in effects of stressful life events on childhood ADHD: genetic, neural, and familial contributions.Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines · 2026Article
- Shifts in attentional demand are accompanied by sex-specific patterns of insula-frontal cortical interactions in mice.NeuroImage · 2026Article
- School readiness as a signal of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: a population-based cohort study highlighting structural inequalities.Archives of disease in childhood · 2026Article
- Unveiling the interplay of social skills and sociocultural dynamics in children with autism spectrum disorder in Pakistan.International journal of developmental disabilities · 2026Article
- Symptom expression and coping strategies in women-focused attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder communities: a comparative natural language analysis of Reddit.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- Are Family Factors Differentially Associated with Externalizing Symptoms Among Youth with Perinatally Acquired HIV?Child psychiatry and human development · 2025Article
- Sex differences in self-reported attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms in clinical and population-based cohorts.JCPP advances · 2025Article
- Wearable Signals for Diagnosing Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Adolescents: A Feasibility Study.JAACAP open · 2025Article
- Prevalence of Developmental, Psychiatric, and Neurologic Conditions in Older Siblings of Children with and without Autism Spectrum Disorder: Study to Explore Early Development.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2025Article
- Differences in Resting-State Functional Connectivity of Temperament-Based Profiles Among Youths With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study.Clinical psychological science : a journal of the Association for Psychological Science · 2025Article
58 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundMales show higher rates of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) than do females. Potential explanations include genuine etiological differences or artifact.
methods2,332 twin and sibling youth participated in behavioral and cognitive testing. Partially competing models of symptom severity distribution differences, the mean difference, and variance difference models, were tested within a randomly selected subsample. The Delta method was used to test for mediation of sex differences in ADHD symptom severity by processing speed, inhibition and working memory.
resultsThe combined mean difference and variance difference models fully explained the sex difference in ADHD symptom severity. Cognitive endophenotypes mediated 14% of the sex difference effect.
conclusionsThe sex difference in ADHD symptom severity is valid and may be due to differing genetic and cognitive liabilities between the sexes.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.