Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25283775›Full record

ArticleThe Journal of comparative neurology2015

Moniliform deformation of retinal ganglion cells by formaldehyde-based fixatives.

Tyler W Stradleigh, Kenneth P Greenberg, Gloria J Partida, Aaron Pham, Andrew T Ishida

Open access · greenAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in The Journal of comparative neurology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
9citing papers in PubMed
0.7field-weighted citation impact, top 31% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

9 citing papers in PubMed, 14 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Retinal Ganglion Cell Subtypes and Their Vulnerability in Glaucoma.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2025
    Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Cellular and Molecular Analysis of Dendritic Morphogenesis in a Retinal Cell Type That Senses Color Contrast and Ventral Motion.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2017
    Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Fixation strategies for retinal immunohistochemistry.Progress in retinal and eye research · 2015
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Tyler W StradleighDepartment of Neurobiology, Physiology and Behavior, University of California, Davis, California, 95616.
Kenneth P Greenberg
Gloria J Partida
Aaron Pham
Andrew T Ishida
University of California, Davis · USUniversity of California, Berkeley · US

Funding

VISION RESEARCH CORE GRANTP30EY012576 · NEI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA DAVIS · PI MARIE E BURNS · 1999 to 2026
$18.9M
PHARMACOLOGY &PHYSIOLOGY OF RETINAL GANGLION CELLSR01EY008120 · NEI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA DAVIS · PI ISHIDA, ANDREW T · 1995 to 2017
$6.7M
Vision Science Training Program: Cornea to CortexT32EY015387 · NEI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA DAVIS · PI MARIE E BURNS · 2003 to 2026
$4.8M
Photosensitive control of the inner retinaF32EY018790 · NEI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA BERKELEY · PI GREENBERG, KENNETH P · 2008 to 2010
$143k
PHARMACOLOGY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF RETINAL GANGLION CELLSR29EY008120 · NEI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA DAVIS · PI ISHIDA, ANDREW T · 1989 to 1993
–
NEI NIH HHS EY008120NEI NIH HHS EY018790NEI NIH HHS EY08120-17S1NEI NIH HHS F32 EY018790NEI NIH HHS P30 EY012576NEI NIH HHS R01 EY008120NEI NIH HHS T32 EY015387PHS HHS R25 56765
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Protocols for characterizing cellular phenotypes commonly use chemical fixatives to preserve anatomical features, mechanically stabilize tissue, and stop physiological responses. Formaldehyde, diluted in either phosphate-buffered saline or phosphate buffer, has been widely used in studies of neurons, especially in conjunction with dyes and antibodies. However, previous studies have found that these fixatives induce the formation of bead-like varicosities in the dendrites and axons of brain and spinal cord neurons. We report here that these formaldehyde formulations can induce bead formation in the dendrites and axons of adult rat and rabbit retinal ganglion cells, and that retinal ganglion cells differ from hippocampal, cortical, cerebellar, and spinal cord neurons in that bead formation is not blocked by glutamate receptor antagonists, a voltage-gated Na(+) channel toxin, extracellular Ca(2+) ion exclusion, or temperature shifts. Moreover, we describe a modification of formaldehyde-based fixatives that prevents bead formation in retinal ganglion cells visualized by green fluorescent protein expression and by immunohistochemistry.

Indexed as

FixativesFormaldehydeAnimalsArtifactsCalciumExcitatory Amino Acid AntagonistsGene Transfer TechniquesGreen Fluorescent ProteinsImmunohistochemistryMelanopsinMicroscopy, ConfocalNeurofilament ProteinsOsmolar ConcentrationRabbitsRetinal Ganglion CellsRod OpsinsCalciumenhanced green fluorescent proteinExcitatory Amino Acid AntagonistsFixativesFormaldehydeGreen Fluorescent ProteinsMelanopsinneurofilament protein HNeurofilament ProteinsRod OpsinsSodiumTetrodotoxinaxonsdendritesparaformaldehyderetinaRRID:AB_10049285 (antibody_DKaMSaf488)RRID:AB_10058149 (antibody_GFP)RRID:AB_10562716 (antibody_DKaRBaf555)RRID:AB_1566483 (antibody_SMI32)RRID:AB_2156044 (antibody_melanopsin)RRID:NIF-0000-30467(software_ImageJ)RRID:NLX_143660 (database_JCNantibody)RRID:RGD_60991 (organism_LErat)sucrosevaricosities

Identifiers

PMID25283775
PMCPMC4305043
OpenAlexW1561747080

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.