ArticleIndian journal of gastroenterology : official journal of the Indian Society of Gastroenterology2014
Prevalence of gallstone disease in patients with type 2 diabetes and the risk factors in North Indian population: a case control study.
Article in Indian journal of gastroenterology : official journal of the Indian Society of Gastroenterology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 29 citations in OpenAlex.
- Trial
- Increase in acute pancreatitis, especially gallstone related, as the cause for emergency admissions: Temporal trend from Kashmir, India.Indian journal of gastroenterology : official journal of the Indian Society of Gastroenterology · 2025Observational
- Asymptomatic gallstone disease: Re-evaluating the threshold for surgical options in the era of precision medicine.World journal of gastrointestinal surgery · 2025Review
- The prevalence of gallstone disease and associated factors among patients who visited the surgical department of Debre Birhan Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Debre Birhan, Ethiopia: an institution-based cross-sectional study.BMC gastroenterology · 2025Article
- Article
- Magnetic resonance imaging for acute pancreatitis in type 2 diabetes patients.World journal of clinical cases · 2023Review
- Article
- Clinical Profile and Evaluation of Outcomes of Symptomatic Gallstone Disease in the Senior Citizen Population.Cureus · 2022Article
- Article
- Variants in ABCG8 and TRAF3 genes confer risk for gallstone disease in admixed Latinos with Mapuche Native American ancestry.Scientific reports · 2019Article
- Article
- Hepatobiliary dysfunction in Type-2 diabetes mellitus.Journal of family medicine and primary careArticle
- Post-cholecystectomy syndrome: A new look at an old problem.Journal of minimal access surgeryArticle
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12 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundAge, female sex, and obesity are considered to be risk factors for gallstone disease. The role of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in gallstone formation is still uncertain, and data in Indians is limited.
objectivesThis is a case-control study to determine the prevalence of gallstones (GS) in patients with T2D, risk factors, and the relative risk compared with subjects without diabetes, selected from the general population.
methodsAmong 450 cases with T2D of a ≥2-year duration, 377 (88.8 %) participated. Diagnosis of GS was made at ultrasonography and history of cholecystectomy for GS. Controls were selected from the general population and diabetes excluded by oral glucose tolerance test. Cases and controls were matched for age, gender, and body mass index (BMI).
resultsGallstones were seen in 67 (17.7 %) cases compared to 40 (5.8 %) in controls (p = 0.001). Prevalence increased with increasing age with peak in the sixth decade (23.4 % in cases and 4.4 % in controls (p = 0.001) and was higher in women (27.9 %) in cases and (7.8 %) in controls, (p = 0.001). In univariate analysis, risk factors for GS included age, female sex, BMI, multiparity, family history of GS, and high triglycerides and cholesterol with low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. In multivariate analysis, age, (relative risk [RR] 1.54, confidence interval [CI] 1.1-2.1), female sex (RR 1.6, CI 1.0-1.9), and BMI (RR 1.5, CI 1.3-2.5) were the independent risk factors in gallstone formation.
conclusionPatients with T2D had higher probability of having GS compared to the general population. Increasing age, female sex, and higher BMI were independently associated with gallstone disease.
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