ArticleDrug and alcohol dependence2014
Factors associated with initiating someone into illicit drug injection.
Article in Drug and alcohol dependence, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Prevalence and Correlates of Providing and Receiving Assistance With the Transition to Injection Drug Use.Epidemiologic reviews · 2020Pooled it
- The experience of initiating injection drug use and its social context: a qualitative systematic review and thematic synthesis.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2017Pooled it
- Correlates of duration between initial drug use and first drug injection among people who inject drugs in Iran, 2020.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Factors Associated with Likelihood of Initiating Others into Injection Drug Use Among People Who Inject Drugs in West Virginia.AIDS and behavior · 2022Article
- Factors associated with injury and blood-borne infection risk when providing assisted injection among people who inject drugs.The International journal on drug policy · 2021Article
- Assisted injection provider practices and motivations in Los Angeles and San Francisco California 2016-18.The International journal on drug policy · 2021Article
- Examining the gender composition of drug injecting initiation events: A mixed methods investigation of three North American contexts.The International journal on drug policy · 2021Article
- A Multistage Process Model of How a Person Who Currently Injects Drugs Comes to Assist Persons Who Do not Inject with Their First Injections.Frontiers in sociology · 2021Article
- Reasons for assisting with injection initiation: Results from a large survey of people who inject drugs in Los Angeles and San Francisco, California.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2020Article
- Cost-effectiveness of expanding the capacity of opioid agonist treatment in Ukraine: dynamic modeling analysis.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2020Article
- Initiating Persons into Injection Drug Use in Rural West Virginia, USA.Substance use & misuse · 2020Article
- Opioid agonist treatment and the process of injection drug use initiation.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2019Article
- Factors Associated with Frequency of Recent Initiation of Others into Injection Drug Use Among People Who Inject Drugs in Los Angeles and San Francisco, CA, USA, 2016-17.Substance use & misuse · 2019Article
- Article
- A qualitative study of persons who inject drugs but who have never helped others with first injections: how their views on helping contrast with the views of persons who have helped with first injections, and implications for interventions.Harm reduction journal · 2018Article
- Frequency and factors associated with providing injection initiation assistance in Tallinn, Estonia.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2018Article
- A fragmented code: The moral and structural context for providing assistance with injection drug use initiation in San Diego, USA.The International journal on drug policy · 2018Article
- Differences in time to injection onset by drug in California: Implications for the emerging heroin epidemic.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2018Article
- Non-injection Drug Use and Injection Initiation Assistance among People Who Inject Drugs in Tijuana, Mexico.Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine · 2018Article
- Preventing Injection Drug use Initiation: State of the Evidence and Opportunities for the Future.Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
aimsMost people who inject drugs (PWID) were first initiated into injection by a current PWID. Few studies have examined PWID who assist others into drug injection. Our goal is to describe the prevalence of and risk factors for initiating someone into injection in the last 12 months.
methodsWe recruited a cross-sectional sample of PWID (N=605) in California from 2011 to 2013. We examined bivariate and multivariate risk factors for initiating someone into injection with a focus on behaviors that might encourage injection initiation such as injecting in front of non-PWID, describing how to inject to non-PWID, and willingness to initiate someone into drug injection.
resultsHaving initiated someone into injection was reported by 34% of PWID overall and 7% in the last 12 months. Forty-four PWID had assisted 431 people into injection in the past year. Factors independently associated with initiating someone into injection in the last 12 months were self-reported likelihood of initiating someone in the future (Adjusted Odds Ratio [AOR]=7.09; 95% Confidence Interval [CI]=3.40, 14.79), having injected another PWID in past month (AOR=4.05; 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.94, 8.47), having described how to inject to non-injectors (2.61; 95% CI=1.19, 5.71), and non-injection powder cocaine use in past month (AOR=4.97; 95% CI=2.08, 11.84) while controlling for study site.
conclusionActive PWID are important in facilitating the process of drug injection uptake. Interventions to reduce initiation should include efforts to change behaviors and intentions among PWID that are associated with injection uptake among others.
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