ArticleDrug and alcohol dependence2014
Dynamics in the costs of criminality among opioid dependent individuals.
Article in Drug and alcohol dependence, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Economic Evaluations of Opioid Use Disorder Interventions.PharmacoEconomics · 2016Pooled it
- Comparative Effectiveness of Buprenorphine/Naloxone and Methadone on Methamphetamine/Amphetamine Use Among People with Opioid Use Disorder in Canada.Substance use & addiction journal · 2025Trial
- Data Resource Profile Update: The Opioid Agonist Treatment and Safety II (OATS II) Study, 2001-22, New South Wales, Australia.International journal of epidemiology · 2025Article
- Article
- Data Resource Profile: The Opioid Agonist Treatment and Safety (OATS) Study, New South Wales, Australia.International journal of epidemiology · 2021Article
- Changes in substance use in relation to opioid agonist therapy among people who use drugs in a Canadian setting.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2020Article
- The effect of entry and retention in opioid agonist treatment on contact with the criminal justice system among opioid-dependent people: a retrospective cohort study.The Lancet. Public health · 2019Observational
- Unit Costs of Delinquent Acts for Use in Economic Evaluations.The journal of mental health policy and economics · 2019Article
- Article
- The costs of crime associated with stimulant use in a Canadian setting.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2017Article
- Estimating State Transitions for Opioid Use Disorders.Medical decision making : an international journal of the Society for Medical Decision Making · 2017Article
- The costs of crime during and after publicly funded treatment for opioid use disorders: a population-level study for the state of California.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundResearch into the avoided crime-related costs associated with methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) is sparse. Our objective was to characterize the dynamics in crime-related costs associated with MMT effectiveness among opioid dependent individuals in Vancouver, Canada.
methodsWe considered individuals enrolled in a prospective study between December, 2011 and May, 2013. Monthly crime-related costs (2013 CAD) were derived from self-reported criminal activity. On the basis of MMT receipt and illicit opioid use, individuals were classified in mutually exclusive health states: (i) MMT high effectiveness; (ii) MMT low effectiveness; (iii) opioid abstinence; or (iv) relapse. We classified individuals as daily, non-daily or non-stimulant users and controlled for demographic and socio-economic characteristics. A two-part multiple regression model was constructed; the first part modeled non-zero cost probability, the second estimated the level of costs. Avoided costs were estimated for each health state and stratified by stimulant use intensity.
resultsOur study included 982 individuals (median age 47, 38% female) for 2232 observations. Individuals on MMT with high effectiveness incurred lower monthly costs of criminality (avoided costs of $6298; 95% C.I. ($1578, $11,017)), as did opioid abstinent individuals ($6563 ($1564, $11,561)). Avoided costs for daily stimulant users were greater than for non-daily users, both for individuals on MMT with high effectiveness ($12,975 vs. $4125) and opioid abstinent ($12,640 vs. $4814).
conclusionUsing longitudinal data on individuals with a history of MMT, we found substantially lower costs of criminality associated with high effect to MMT. Avoided costs were highest among daily stimulant users that were on MMT with high effectiveness or those opioid abstinent.
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