Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25279369›Full record

ReviewFrontiers in public health2014

The antimicrobial resistance crisis: causes, consequences, and management.

Carolyn Anne Michael, Dale Dominey-Howes, Maurizio Labbate

Open access · goldAbstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Frontiers in public health, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 399 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
399citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
18.0field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

399 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 977 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
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  3. Antibacterial action mechanisms and mode of trypsin inhibitors: a systematic review.Journal of enzyme inhibition and medicinal chemistry · 2022
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  20. Hydrothermally synthesized silver-decorated propolis quantum dots: a dual-action antibacterial and antioxidant nanocomposite.Photochemical & photobiological sciences : Official journal of the European Photochemistry Association and the European Society for Photobiology · 2026
    Article

339 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Carolyn Anne MichaelSchool of Medical and Molecular Biosciences, University of Technology , Sydney, NSW , Australia.
Dale Dominey-HowesAsia - Pacific Natural Hazards Research Group, School of Geosciences, University of Sydney , Sydney, NSW , Australia.
Maurizio LabbateSchool of Medical and Molecular Biosciences, University of Technology , Sydney, NSW , Australia ; ithree Institute, University of Technology , Sydney, NSW , Australia.
University of Technology Sydney · AUUniversity of Sydney · AU

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The antimicrobial resistance (AMR) crisis is the increasing global incidence of infectious diseases affecting the human population, which are untreatable with any known antimicrobial agent. This crisis will have a devastating cost on human society as both debilitating and lethal diseases increase in frequency and scope. Three major factors determine this crisis: (1) the increasing frequency of AMR phenotypes among microbes is an evolutionary response to the widespread use of antimicrobials; (2) the large and globally connected human population allows pathogens in any environment access to all of humanity; and (3) the extensive and often unnecessary use of antimicrobials by humanity provides the strong selective pressure that is driving the evolutionary response in the microbial world. Of these factors, the size of the human population is least amenable to rapid change. In contrast, the remaining two factors may be affected, so offering a means of managing the crisis: the rate at which AMR, as well as virulence factors evolve in microbial world may be slowed by reducing the applied selective pressure. This may be accomplished by radically reducing the global use of current and prospective antimicrobials. Current management measures to legislate the use of antimicrobials and to educate the healthcare world in the issues, while useful, have not comprehensively addressed the problem of achieving an overall reduction in the human use of antimicrobials. We propose that in addition to current measures and increased research into new antimicrobials and diagnostics, a comprehensive education program will be required to change the public paradigm of antimicrobial usage from that of a first line treatment to that of a last resort when all other therapeutic options have failed.

Indexed as

antibioticantimicrobial resistanceglobal crisishorizontal gene transferpublic perception

Identifiers

PMID25279369
PMCPMC4165128
OpenAlexW2001330064

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.