ArticleSpringerPlus2014
Herpes simplex encephalitis in Iceland 1987-2011.
Article in SpringerPlus, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 35 citations in OpenAlex.
- ImmunoglobuliN in the Treatment of Encephalitis (IgNiTE): protocol for a multicentre randomised controlled trial.BMJ open · 2016Trial
- Pathogens of the human central nervous system-the major viral pathogens.Journal of neurovirology · 2026Review
- Health economic impact of early versus delayed treatment of herpes simplex virus encephalitis in the UK.BMJ open · 2025Observational
- Temporally resolved single-cell RNA sequencing reveals protective and pathological responses during herpes simplex virus CNS infection.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2025Article
- Review
- Herpes simplex encephalitis in France: incidence, 6-month rehospitalizations and mortality.Infection · 2024Article
- Clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with Herpes Simplex Encephalitis in Vietnam: a retrospective study.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Mice with type I interferon signaling deficiency are prone to epilepsy upon HSV-1 infection.Virologica Sinica · 2024Article
- Can we forecast poor outcome in herpes simplex and varicella zoster encephalitis? A narrative review.Frontiers in neurology · 2023Review
- Cognitive decline following acute viral infections: literature review and projections for post-COVID-19.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2022Review
- The Hippocampal Vulnerability to Herpes Simplex Virus Type I Infection: Relevance to Alzheimer's Disease and Memory Impairment.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2021Review
- Immunomodulatory Strategies in Herpes Simplex Virus Encephalitis.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2020Review
- Long-Term Survival, Morbidity, Social Functioning and Risk of Disability in Patients with a Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 or Type 2 Central Nervous System Infection, Denmark, 2000-2016.Clinical epidemiology · 2020Article
- Bacteroides fragilis polysaccharide A induces IL-10 secreting B and T cells that prevent viral encephalitis.Nature communications · 2019Article
- Neuropsychiatric Aspects of Infectious Diseases: An Update.Critical care clinics · 2017Review
- Burden of herpes simplex virus encephalitis in the United States.Journal of neurology · 2017Article
- Herpes Simplex Encephalitis: an Update.Current infectious disease reports · 2017Review
- Herpes Simplex Virus-1 Encephalitis in Adults: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Management.Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2016Review
- Neurobehavioral Manifestations of Human Immunodeficiency Virus/AIDS: Diagnosis and Treatment.Neurologic clinics · 2016Review
- Results of a multinational study suggest the need for rapid diagnosis and early antiviral treatment at the onset of herpetic meningoencephalitis.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2015Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE) is a serious disease with 10-20% mortality and high rate of neuropsychiatric sequelae. This study is a long-term, nationwide study in a single country, Iceland. Clinical data were obtained from patient records and from DNA PCR and antibody assays of CSF. Diagnosis of HSE was classified as definite, possible or rejected based on symptoms, as well as virological, laboratory and brain imaging criteria. A total of 30 definite cases of HSE were identified during the 25 year period 1987-2011 corresponding to incidence of 4.3 cases/106 inhabitants/year. Males were 57% of all patients, median age 50 years (range, 0-85). Fever (97%), cognitive deficits (79%), impaired consciousness (79% with GCS < 13), headache (55%) and seizures (55%) were the most common symptoms. Brain lesions were found in 24 patients (80%) by MRI or CT. All patients received intravenous acyclovir for a mean duration of 20 days. Three patients (10%) died within one year and 21/28 pts (75%) had a Karnofsky performance score of <70% with memory loss (59%), dysphasia (44%), frontal symptoms (44%) and seizures (30%) as the most frequent sequelae. Mean delay from onset of symptoms to treatment was 6 days; this was associated with adverse outcome. In conclusion, the incidence of `HSE is higher than recently reported in a national registry study from Sweden. Despite advances in rapid diagnosis and availability of treatment of HSE, approximately three of every four patients die or are left with serious neurological impairment.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.